Pharmacology Questions and answers
Summary chart
CCS drugs (cell-cycle specific)
Anticancer drugs that are:
--> Phase-specific
--> Higher selective toxicity.
--> More likely to be in-cycle
--> Attack only cells that are actively growing and dividing
CCNS drugs (cell-cycle non-specific)
--> Anticancer drugs that can sterilize tumor cells regardless of whether they are cycling or resting in G0
Phase
--> Less-selective toxicity and cause damage to healthy cells.
--> More damage to healthy cells
N for non-proliferating, normal cells,
_____ drugs are used for recruitment and induce non-proliferating clonogenic fraction to enter into cell
cycle
CCNS --> Causes increased vulnerability to CCS agents afterwards since cells are actively dividing.
Adverse effects of CCS drugs
The most rapidly proliferating normal cells are likely to suffer toxicity along with the tumor cells, but the
damage is mostly reversible
--> Bone marrow resumes production
--> Hair regrows,
--> gut and oral mucosa recover.
Abortion and infertility are irreversible.
Broad adverse effects
CCNS drugs
Cisplastin
Side effects: Vomiting, nephrotoxicity
Doxorubicin
I <3 rubics cubes
, Side effects: Cardiotoxicity
Dexrazoxane: Limits toxicity
Vincristine
Crest = the periphery
Side effects: Peripheral neuropathy
Bleomycin
Pulmonary fibrosis
Surgical debulking
A form of selective toxicity, that allows for large portion of tumor cells to re-enter cell cycle and
proliferate, thus causing death.
Clenogenic fraction (non-growing or non-dividing) are unaffected.
Radiation and cell-cycle non-specific cytotoxic drugs are more broad and cause MORE COLLATERAL
DAMAGE.
Oncolytic viral therapy
One that preferentially infects and kills cancer cells.
Selectively infects lyses only in primary and metastatic cells of that type (eg multiple myeloma)
Multimodal therapy
Chemotherapy, radiation, surgery
Selective toxicity
Selectively eradicate neoplastic cells without damaging host (normal) cells.
CCS are more selectively toxic, but they cannot kill clonogenic fraction cells like CCNS agents.
CCNS agents are used for recruitment (to induce non-proliferating clonogenic fraction to cycle)
CCS+CCNS deplete growth fraction as recruited
Clonogenic fraction
G0 cells (undividing). Targeted by CCNS drugs
Cytotoxic kinetics
Cancer cells grow exponentially and cancer chemo uses highest tolerated dose REGARDLESS OF TUMOR
SIZE.
Summary chart
CCS drugs (cell-cycle specific)
Anticancer drugs that are:
--> Phase-specific
--> Higher selective toxicity.
--> More likely to be in-cycle
--> Attack only cells that are actively growing and dividing
CCNS drugs (cell-cycle non-specific)
--> Anticancer drugs that can sterilize tumor cells regardless of whether they are cycling or resting in G0
Phase
--> Less-selective toxicity and cause damage to healthy cells.
--> More damage to healthy cells
N for non-proliferating, normal cells,
_____ drugs are used for recruitment and induce non-proliferating clonogenic fraction to enter into cell
cycle
CCNS --> Causes increased vulnerability to CCS agents afterwards since cells are actively dividing.
Adverse effects of CCS drugs
The most rapidly proliferating normal cells are likely to suffer toxicity along with the tumor cells, but the
damage is mostly reversible
--> Bone marrow resumes production
--> Hair regrows,
--> gut and oral mucosa recover.
Abortion and infertility are irreversible.
Broad adverse effects
CCNS drugs
Cisplastin
Side effects: Vomiting, nephrotoxicity
Doxorubicin
I <3 rubics cubes
, Side effects: Cardiotoxicity
Dexrazoxane: Limits toxicity
Vincristine
Crest = the periphery
Side effects: Peripheral neuropathy
Bleomycin
Pulmonary fibrosis
Surgical debulking
A form of selective toxicity, that allows for large portion of tumor cells to re-enter cell cycle and
proliferate, thus causing death.
Clenogenic fraction (non-growing or non-dividing) are unaffected.
Radiation and cell-cycle non-specific cytotoxic drugs are more broad and cause MORE COLLATERAL
DAMAGE.
Oncolytic viral therapy
One that preferentially infects and kills cancer cells.
Selectively infects lyses only in primary and metastatic cells of that type (eg multiple myeloma)
Multimodal therapy
Chemotherapy, radiation, surgery
Selective toxicity
Selectively eradicate neoplastic cells without damaging host (normal) cells.
CCS are more selectively toxic, but they cannot kill clonogenic fraction cells like CCNS agents.
CCNS agents are used for recruitment (to induce non-proliferating clonogenic fraction to cycle)
CCS+CCNS deplete growth fraction as recruited
Clonogenic fraction
G0 cells (undividing). Targeted by CCNS drugs
Cytotoxic kinetics
Cancer cells grow exponentially and cancer chemo uses highest tolerated dose REGARDLESS OF TUMOR
SIZE.
