Clin Med: MSK Exam
ligament= connects bone to definition of a ligament vs tendon; which gets sprained vs
bone, getes sprained strained
tendon= connects muscle to
bone, gets strained
crushing injury of deep tissues what is a contusion
usually making a bruise
point where a what is an enthesis
tendon/ligament/muscle inserts
on bone and collagen gets
integrated into bone
bony process from a secondary what is an apophysis
ossification center which then
fuses to the main bone later in
development
valgus= away from (distal end of valgus means (towards/away from) the midline and vargus means
distal half of angle pointing (towards/away from) the midline
away from body)
vargus= towards
-pain signs of strains and sprains
- swelling
- may be unable to bear weight
- joint instability in severe cases
- may be ecchymosis
1/13
, blue=
- mild stretching, microscopic
tears
-incomplete tear
-complete tear
yellow=
- none
-mild to moderate
- significant
red=
- mild swelling and pain
- some ROM restriction &
function loss, mild-mod pain
and swelling
- significant ROM and function
loss, severe
pain/tenderness/swelling/ecchy
mosis
limit imflammation and swelling goal of early treatment of sprains and strains
and to maintain ROM
(NSAIDs, ice, RICE-> rest, ice,
compression, elevation)
Stress= normal bone that gets types of fracture and how to define each
blows which individually
wouldn't cause breakage but will
when repeated many times
fatigue (traumatic)= normal
bone broken by abnormal
overwhelming force
pathologic= normal force or
mild trauma applied to diseased
bone (blows could be normal,
frequent, or excessive)
insufficiency= normal force
applied to bone that's diseased
in a general sense (NOT focal)
- osteoporosis diseased states that can cause insufficiency fracture
- osteomalacia (often from lack
of vit D)
- RA
- Paget's disease of the bone
- diabetes-> calcaneal
insufficiency avulsion (peripheral
neuropathy)
2/13
ligament= connects bone to definition of a ligament vs tendon; which gets sprained vs
bone, getes sprained strained
tendon= connects muscle to
bone, gets strained
crushing injury of deep tissues what is a contusion
usually making a bruise
point where a what is an enthesis
tendon/ligament/muscle inserts
on bone and collagen gets
integrated into bone
bony process from a secondary what is an apophysis
ossification center which then
fuses to the main bone later in
development
valgus= away from (distal end of valgus means (towards/away from) the midline and vargus means
distal half of angle pointing (towards/away from) the midline
away from body)
vargus= towards
-pain signs of strains and sprains
- swelling
- may be unable to bear weight
- joint instability in severe cases
- may be ecchymosis
1/13
, blue=
- mild stretching, microscopic
tears
-incomplete tear
-complete tear
yellow=
- none
-mild to moderate
- significant
red=
- mild swelling and pain
- some ROM restriction &
function loss, mild-mod pain
and swelling
- significant ROM and function
loss, severe
pain/tenderness/swelling/ecchy
mosis
limit imflammation and swelling goal of early treatment of sprains and strains
and to maintain ROM
(NSAIDs, ice, RICE-> rest, ice,
compression, elevation)
Stress= normal bone that gets types of fracture and how to define each
blows which individually
wouldn't cause breakage but will
when repeated many times
fatigue (traumatic)= normal
bone broken by abnormal
overwhelming force
pathologic= normal force or
mild trauma applied to diseased
bone (blows could be normal,
frequent, or excessive)
insufficiency= normal force
applied to bone that's diseased
in a general sense (NOT focal)
- osteoporosis diseased states that can cause insufficiency fracture
- osteomalacia (often from lack
of vit D)
- RA
- Paget's disease of the bone
- diabetes-> calcaneal
insufficiency avulsion (peripheral
neuropathy)
2/13
