GCSE EDEXCEL BIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
/. In which type of cell would you find a cell wall, chloroplasts and a vacuole? - Answer-
✅plant cell
/.What does an animal cell have? - Answer-✅- cytoplasm
- nucleus
- ribosomes
- cell membrane
- mitochondria
/.What does the nucleus do? - Answer-✅contains genetic material that controls the
activities of the cell
/.What is the cytoplasm? - Answer-✅gel-like substance where most of the chemical
reactions happen. It contains enzymes which control these chemical reactions
/.What is the cell membrane - Answer-✅holds the cell together and controls what goes
in and out
/.What happens in the mitochondria? - Answer-✅these are where most of the reactions
for respiration take place. Respiration releases energy that the cell needs to work
/.What happens in the ribosomes? - Answer-✅these are where proteins are made in the
cell
/.What does a bacterial cell NOT have? - Answer-✅a nucleus- genetic material floats in
the cytoplasm
/.What is a yeast cell an example of? - Answer-✅a single cell organism
/.What does a yeast cell have? - Answer-✅- nucleus
- cytoplasm
- cell membrane
- surrounding cell wall
/.How is a leaf cell different from a yeast cell? - Answer-✅leaf cells have chloroplasts
and a cellulose cell wall. yeast cells have neither
,/.What is the definition of diffusion? - Answer-✅the SPREADING OUT of PARTICLES
from an area of HIGH CONCENTRATION to an area of LOW CONCENTRATION
or
the NET MOVEMENT of PARTICLES down a CONCENTRATION GRADIENT
/.What substances can diffuse through cell membranes? - Answer-✅small molecules
like oxygen, glucose, amino acids and water
/.What substances can't diffuse through cell membranes? - Answer-✅big molecules like
starch and proteins
/.What are some examples of diffusion? - Answer-✅- the diffusion of oxygen into the
cells of the body from the bloodstream as the cells are respiring (and using up oxygen)
- the diffusion of carbon dioxide into actively photosynthesising plant cells
- the diffusion of simple sugars and amino acids for the gut through cell membranes
/.When, and in which direction, will diffusion take place in solutions and in gases? -
Answer-✅- if two solutions are separated by a cell membrane, particles will move from
a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration
- gases will also diffuse through the air from a region of high concentration to a region of
low concentration
/.How is a leaf cell adapted to carry out photosynthesis? - Answer-✅- the leaf has
mesophyll tissue
- the mesophyll cells contain chloroplasts which can photosynthesise
/.How are palisade cells adapted for photosynthesis? - Answer-✅- packed will
chloroplasts for photosynthesis
- tall shape means a lot of surface area exposed down the side for absorbing carbon
dioxide from the air in the leaf
- they are grouped together at the top of the leaf so that they can absorb more sunlight
/.How are red blood cells adapted to carry oxygen? - Answer-✅- concave shape gives a
big surface area for absorbing oxygen. it also helps them pass smoothly through
capillaries to reach body cells
- packed with haemoglobin which absorbs oxygen
- they have no nucleus to leave even more room for haemoglobin
/.How are sperm cells adapted for swimming to the egg? - Answer-✅- streamlined head
and flagella to help it swim to the egg
- there are a lot of mitochondria in the cell to provide the energy needed
- carry enzymes in their heads to digest through the egg cell membrane
, /.If a cell has many mitochondria... - Answer-✅it must need a lot of energy, e.g. muscle
cell, sperm cell
/.If a cell has many ribosomes... - Answer-✅it is making a lot of protein, e.g. gland cells
which produce enzymes
/.If a cell has flagella.. - Answer-✅it must be able to move, e.g. sperm cells
/.What is the process by which cells become specialised? - Answer-✅differentiation
/.What is meant by the term differentiation of cells? - Answer-✅- when cells start to
divide they are very similar
- as the tissues develop the cells change to form particular function
/.What is a tissue? - Answer-✅a group of similar cells that work together to carry out a
particular function
/.What sort of tissue can you find in mammals? - Answer-✅- Epithelial tissue: covers
some parts of the body, e.g. the inside and outside of the gut
- Muscular tissue: contracts to move whatever its attached to
- Glandular tissue: makes and secretes chemicals like hormones and enzymes
/.What is an organ? - Answer-✅a group of different tissues that work together to
perform a certain function, e.g. stomach
/.What tissues are the stomach made up of and what are their purposes? - Answer-✅-
Epithelial tissue: covers the inside and outside of the stomach
- Muscular tissue: contracts the stomach wall to churn up the food
- Glandular tissue: produces digestive juices to digest food
/.What is an organ system? - Answer-✅a group of organs working together to perform a
particular function, e.g. the digestive system breaks down food
/.What organs does the digestive system include? - Answer-✅- glands
- the stomach
- the liver
- the small intestine
-the large intestine
/.What two glands produce digestive juices? - Answer-✅pancreas and salivary glands
ANSWERS
/. In which type of cell would you find a cell wall, chloroplasts and a vacuole? - Answer-
✅plant cell
/.What does an animal cell have? - Answer-✅- cytoplasm
- nucleus
- ribosomes
- cell membrane
- mitochondria
/.What does the nucleus do? - Answer-✅contains genetic material that controls the
activities of the cell
/.What is the cytoplasm? - Answer-✅gel-like substance where most of the chemical
reactions happen. It contains enzymes which control these chemical reactions
/.What is the cell membrane - Answer-✅holds the cell together and controls what goes
in and out
/.What happens in the mitochondria? - Answer-✅these are where most of the reactions
for respiration take place. Respiration releases energy that the cell needs to work
/.What happens in the ribosomes? - Answer-✅these are where proteins are made in the
cell
/.What does a bacterial cell NOT have? - Answer-✅a nucleus- genetic material floats in
the cytoplasm
/.What is a yeast cell an example of? - Answer-✅a single cell organism
/.What does a yeast cell have? - Answer-✅- nucleus
- cytoplasm
- cell membrane
- surrounding cell wall
/.How is a leaf cell different from a yeast cell? - Answer-✅leaf cells have chloroplasts
and a cellulose cell wall. yeast cells have neither
,/.What is the definition of diffusion? - Answer-✅the SPREADING OUT of PARTICLES
from an area of HIGH CONCENTRATION to an area of LOW CONCENTRATION
or
the NET MOVEMENT of PARTICLES down a CONCENTRATION GRADIENT
/.What substances can diffuse through cell membranes? - Answer-✅small molecules
like oxygen, glucose, amino acids and water
/.What substances can't diffuse through cell membranes? - Answer-✅big molecules like
starch and proteins
/.What are some examples of diffusion? - Answer-✅- the diffusion of oxygen into the
cells of the body from the bloodstream as the cells are respiring (and using up oxygen)
- the diffusion of carbon dioxide into actively photosynthesising plant cells
- the diffusion of simple sugars and amino acids for the gut through cell membranes
/.When, and in which direction, will diffusion take place in solutions and in gases? -
Answer-✅- if two solutions are separated by a cell membrane, particles will move from
a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration
- gases will also diffuse through the air from a region of high concentration to a region of
low concentration
/.How is a leaf cell adapted to carry out photosynthesis? - Answer-✅- the leaf has
mesophyll tissue
- the mesophyll cells contain chloroplasts which can photosynthesise
/.How are palisade cells adapted for photosynthesis? - Answer-✅- packed will
chloroplasts for photosynthesis
- tall shape means a lot of surface area exposed down the side for absorbing carbon
dioxide from the air in the leaf
- they are grouped together at the top of the leaf so that they can absorb more sunlight
/.How are red blood cells adapted to carry oxygen? - Answer-✅- concave shape gives a
big surface area for absorbing oxygen. it also helps them pass smoothly through
capillaries to reach body cells
- packed with haemoglobin which absorbs oxygen
- they have no nucleus to leave even more room for haemoglobin
/.How are sperm cells adapted for swimming to the egg? - Answer-✅- streamlined head
and flagella to help it swim to the egg
- there are a lot of mitochondria in the cell to provide the energy needed
- carry enzymes in their heads to digest through the egg cell membrane
, /.If a cell has many mitochondria... - Answer-✅it must need a lot of energy, e.g. muscle
cell, sperm cell
/.If a cell has many ribosomes... - Answer-✅it is making a lot of protein, e.g. gland cells
which produce enzymes
/.If a cell has flagella.. - Answer-✅it must be able to move, e.g. sperm cells
/.What is the process by which cells become specialised? - Answer-✅differentiation
/.What is meant by the term differentiation of cells? - Answer-✅- when cells start to
divide they are very similar
- as the tissues develop the cells change to form particular function
/.What is a tissue? - Answer-✅a group of similar cells that work together to carry out a
particular function
/.What sort of tissue can you find in mammals? - Answer-✅- Epithelial tissue: covers
some parts of the body, e.g. the inside and outside of the gut
- Muscular tissue: contracts to move whatever its attached to
- Glandular tissue: makes and secretes chemicals like hormones and enzymes
/.What is an organ? - Answer-✅a group of different tissues that work together to
perform a certain function, e.g. stomach
/.What tissues are the stomach made up of and what are their purposes? - Answer-✅-
Epithelial tissue: covers the inside and outside of the stomach
- Muscular tissue: contracts the stomach wall to churn up the food
- Glandular tissue: produces digestive juices to digest food
/.What is an organ system? - Answer-✅a group of organs working together to perform a
particular function, e.g. the digestive system breaks down food
/.What organs does the digestive system include? - Answer-✅- glands
- the stomach
- the liver
- the small intestine
-the large intestine
/.What two glands produce digestive juices? - Answer-✅pancreas and salivary glands
