ANP 1105 Final Exam: Respiratory
System Test Questions and All Correct
Answers 2025-2026.
What is respiration? (4 processes) - Answer - major function of respiratory system is to supply
O2 and dispose of CO2
-Respiration involves 4 processes
Respiratory System:
- Pulmonary Ventilation: movement of air in and out of lungs
- External respiration: exchange of gases between blood and air of alveoli
Circulatory System:
- Transport of respiratory gases: role of blood in transport of gases between lungs and tissues of
body
- Internal respiration: at the level of the tissus, exchange of gases between blood in systemic
capillaries and tissue cells
*term respiration is used when gas is exchanged
Upper vs. Lower Respiratory System - Answer Upper Respiratory System: warms, humidifies
and filters air (nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx)
Lower Respiratory System: conducting and respiratory zones (larynx, trachea, bronchus, lungs,
bronchioles, alveoli)
Conducting zone:
- conduits that transport gas to and from gas exchange sites
- includes all other respiratory structures other than respiratory zone structures (larynx, trachea,
bronchus, lungs)
- as well as providing a passageway, conducting zone organs also cleanse, humidify and warm
incoming air
,What is the path of air in the respiratory system? - Answer Nasal cavity to Pharynx, the Larynx,
then trachea. This branches in two, and this goes to the lungs. In the lungs, this branching
continues (bronchial tree)
What is the entire respiratory tract covered in? - Answer - Covered with mucous membrane
- The membrane is lined with mucous to keep it moist and to trap particulates and antigens
- Cilia helps to move mucus along (referred to as muco cilia elevator)
Describe the nose (general): - Answer Functions:
- airway for respiration
- moistens, warms, filters and cleans inspired air
- resonating chamber for speech
- olfactory (smell) receptors
What is the difference between the external nose and the internal nasal cavity?
External nose: Differences in nose size/shape due to differences in nasal cartilages
Passage of air:
- Air enters nasal cavity via external nares (nostrils) - divided by midline nasal septum
- Air then goes via internal nares to nasopharynx
- Roof of the nasal cavity formed by ethmoid and sphenoid bones of skull
- Floor of nasal cavity formed by palate (anterior is hard, posterior is soft)
What are vibrissae?
- Coarse hairs found in nose, help in filtration process of inhaled air
Describe the nasal cavity: - Answer - Lined by two types of mucosa
Olfactory mucosa: contains receptors for sense of smell
Respiratory mucosa:
- Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells
, - Cilia move contaminated mucus posteriorly to pharynx
- Cold air slows cilia, leads to runny nose
- Sneezing: Nasal mucosa is richly supplied with sensory nerves, leads to irritant triggering
sneeze relfex
- Nose bleeds: Thin-walled veins under nasal epithelium help to warm up incoming air, can
become engorged (swell with blood, water or other fluid), which can lead to nose bleed
Paranasal sinuses: General - Answer - Surround nasal cavity
- Frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, maxillary bones
- Function: lighten skull, produce mucus, also warm and moisten air
- Sinus mucosa is continuous with nasal mucosa, how infections are spread
Why is it important for air to be warm? Cilia, mucus accumulation
What is a sinus headache? - Answer - Passageways connecting sinuses to nasal cavity blocked,
air in sinus absorbed, partial vaccum
- When sinuses get inflamed -- usually because of an allergic reaction or an infection -- they
swell, make more mucus, and the channels that drain them can get blocked.
The build-up of pressure sinuses causes pain that feels like a headache.
Pharynx (general) - Answer - funnel shaped muscular tube; common pathway for food and air,
wall composed of skeletal muscle throughout 13 cm length, mucosal lining varies
3 regions: nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
*Anatomical word for throat
When swallowing food, uvula swings backwards and forces food to go downward
Nasopharynx - Answer - Below spehoid bone, above soft palate
- Lined with pseudostratified ciliated epithelium
- Only an air passageway
System Test Questions and All Correct
Answers 2025-2026.
What is respiration? (4 processes) - Answer - major function of respiratory system is to supply
O2 and dispose of CO2
-Respiration involves 4 processes
Respiratory System:
- Pulmonary Ventilation: movement of air in and out of lungs
- External respiration: exchange of gases between blood and air of alveoli
Circulatory System:
- Transport of respiratory gases: role of blood in transport of gases between lungs and tissues of
body
- Internal respiration: at the level of the tissus, exchange of gases between blood in systemic
capillaries and tissue cells
*term respiration is used when gas is exchanged
Upper vs. Lower Respiratory System - Answer Upper Respiratory System: warms, humidifies
and filters air (nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx)
Lower Respiratory System: conducting and respiratory zones (larynx, trachea, bronchus, lungs,
bronchioles, alveoli)
Conducting zone:
- conduits that transport gas to and from gas exchange sites
- includes all other respiratory structures other than respiratory zone structures (larynx, trachea,
bronchus, lungs)
- as well as providing a passageway, conducting zone organs also cleanse, humidify and warm
incoming air
,What is the path of air in the respiratory system? - Answer Nasal cavity to Pharynx, the Larynx,
then trachea. This branches in two, and this goes to the lungs. In the lungs, this branching
continues (bronchial tree)
What is the entire respiratory tract covered in? - Answer - Covered with mucous membrane
- The membrane is lined with mucous to keep it moist and to trap particulates and antigens
- Cilia helps to move mucus along (referred to as muco cilia elevator)
Describe the nose (general): - Answer Functions:
- airway for respiration
- moistens, warms, filters and cleans inspired air
- resonating chamber for speech
- olfactory (smell) receptors
What is the difference between the external nose and the internal nasal cavity?
External nose: Differences in nose size/shape due to differences in nasal cartilages
Passage of air:
- Air enters nasal cavity via external nares (nostrils) - divided by midline nasal septum
- Air then goes via internal nares to nasopharynx
- Roof of the nasal cavity formed by ethmoid and sphenoid bones of skull
- Floor of nasal cavity formed by palate (anterior is hard, posterior is soft)
What are vibrissae?
- Coarse hairs found in nose, help in filtration process of inhaled air
Describe the nasal cavity: - Answer - Lined by two types of mucosa
Olfactory mucosa: contains receptors for sense of smell
Respiratory mucosa:
- Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells
, - Cilia move contaminated mucus posteriorly to pharynx
- Cold air slows cilia, leads to runny nose
- Sneezing: Nasal mucosa is richly supplied with sensory nerves, leads to irritant triggering
sneeze relfex
- Nose bleeds: Thin-walled veins under nasal epithelium help to warm up incoming air, can
become engorged (swell with blood, water or other fluid), which can lead to nose bleed
Paranasal sinuses: General - Answer - Surround nasal cavity
- Frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, maxillary bones
- Function: lighten skull, produce mucus, also warm and moisten air
- Sinus mucosa is continuous with nasal mucosa, how infections are spread
Why is it important for air to be warm? Cilia, mucus accumulation
What is a sinus headache? - Answer - Passageways connecting sinuses to nasal cavity blocked,
air in sinus absorbed, partial vaccum
- When sinuses get inflamed -- usually because of an allergic reaction or an infection -- they
swell, make more mucus, and the channels that drain them can get blocked.
The build-up of pressure sinuses causes pain that feels like a headache.
Pharynx (general) - Answer - funnel shaped muscular tube; common pathway for food and air,
wall composed of skeletal muscle throughout 13 cm length, mucosal lining varies
3 regions: nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
*Anatomical word for throat
When swallowing food, uvula swings backwards and forces food to go downward
Nasopharynx - Answer - Below spehoid bone, above soft palate
- Lined with pseudostratified ciliated epithelium
- Only an air passageway
