Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2025
,Contents:
Commonly Used Acronyms & Abbreviations
Year in Review
Part 1: Disease Prevention & Health Promotion
Part 2: Common Symptoms
Part 3: Preoperative Evaluation & Perioperative Management
Part 4: Geriatric Disorders
Part 5: Palliative Care & Pain Management
Part 6: Dermatologic Disorders
Part 7: Disorders of the Eyes & Lids
Part 8: Otolaryngology Disorders
Part 9: Pulmonary Disorders
Part 10: Coronary Artery Disease, Valvular Disease, & Other Key Topics in Cardiology
Part 11: Heart Failure & Cardiomyopathy
Part 12: Disorders of Cardiac Rhythm
Part 13: Systemic Hypertension
Part 14: Blood Vessel & Lymphatic Disorders
Part 15: Blood Disorders
Part 16: Disorders of Hemostasis, Thrombosis, & Antithrombotic Therapy
Part 17: Gastrointestinal Disorders
Part 18: Liver, Biliary Tract, & Pancreas Disorders
Part 19: Breast Disorders
Part 20: Gynecologic Disorders
Part 21: Obstetrics & Obstetric Disorders
Part 22: Rheumatologic, Immunologic, & Allergic Disorders
Part 23: Electrolyte & Acid-Base Disorders
Part 24: Kidney Disease
Part 25: Urologic Disorders
Part 26: Nervous System Disorders
Part 27: Psychiatric Disorders
Part 28: Endocrine Disorders
Part 29: Diabetes Mellitus & Hypoglycemia
Part 30: Lipid Disorders
Part 31: Nutrition, Nutritional Disorders, & Obesity
Part 32: Common Problems in Infectious Diseases & Antimicrobial Therapy
Part 33: HIV Infection & AIDS
Part 34: Viral & Rickettsial Infections
Part 35: Bacterial & Chlamydial Infections
Part 36: Spirochetal Infections
Part 37: Protozoal & Helminthic Infections
Part 38: Mycotic Infections
Part 39: Disorders Related to Environmental Emergencies
Part 40: Poisoning
Part 41: Cancer
Part 42: Genetic & Genomic Disorders
Part 43: Orthopedic Disorders & Sports Medicine
Part 44: Sexual & Gender Minority Health
Part 45: Substance Use Disorders
Part e1: Anti-infective Treatment: Antibiotic, Antifungal, and Antiviral Agents
Part e2: Diagnostic Testing & Medical Decision-Making
Part e3: Information Technology in Patient Care
Part e4: Podiatric Disorders
Part e5: Women's Health Issues
Part e6: Appendix: Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Laboratory Reference Intervals, & Commonly
Used Blood Specimen Collection Tubes
, a LANGE medical book
2025
CURRENT
Medical Diagnosis
& Treatment
SIXT Y-FOURTH EDITION
Edited by
Maxine A. Papadakis, MD Michael W. Rabow, MD
Professor of Medicine, Emeritus Professor of Medicine and Urology
Department of Medicine Division of Palliative Medicine
University of California, San Francisco Department of Medicine
University of California, San Francisco
Kenneth R. McQuaid, MD
Professor of Medicine
Department of Medicine
University of California, San Francisco
Associate Editor
Monica Gandhi, MD, MPH
Professor of Medicine
Division of HIV, ID, and Global Medicine
San Francisco General Hospital
University of California, San Francisco
With Contributing Authors
, Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2025, Sixty-Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2025 by McGraw Hill. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under
the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any
means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without prior written permission of the publisher.
Previous editions copyright 2000 through 2024 by McGraw Hill Education; copyright © 1987 through 1999 by Appleton &
Lange; copyright 1962 through 1986 by Lange Medical Publications.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 LWI 28 27 26 25 24 23
ISBN 978-1-2662-6623-2
MHID 1-2662-6623-2
ISSN 0092-8682
Notice
Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in
treatment and drug therapy are required. The authors and the publisher of this work have checked with sources
believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and generally in accord with the
standards accepted at the time of publication. However, in view of the possibility of human error or changes in
medical sciences, neither the authors nor the publisher nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation
or publication of this work warrants that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete,
and they disclaim all responsibility for any errors or omissions or for the results obtained from use of the information
contained in this work. Readers are encouraged to confirm the information contained herein with other sources. For
example and in particular, readers are advised to check the product information sheet included in the package of each
medication they plan to administer to be certain that the information contained in this work is accurate and that
changes have not been made in the recommended dose or in the contraindications for administration. This
recommendation is of particular importance in connection with new or infrequently used medications.
This book was set in Minion Pro by KnowledgeWorks Global Ltd.
The editors were Kay Conerly, Jennifer Bernstein, and Sylvia Choi.
The production supervisor was Jeffrey Herzich.
Project management was provided by Tasneem Kauser at KnowledgeWorks Global Ltd.
The copyeditors were Greg Feldman, Kathryn Whitley, and Kim McAllister.
The index was prepared by Susan Hunter.
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
McGraw Hill books are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in
corporate training programs. To contact a representative, please visit the Contact Us pages at www.mhprofessional.com.
,Contents:
Commonly Used Acronyms & Abbreviations
Year in Review
Part 1: Disease Prevention & Health Promotion
Part 2: Common Symptoms
Part 3: Preoperative Evaluation & Perioperative Management
Part 4: Geriatric Disorders
Part 5: Palliative Care & Pain Management
Part 6: Dermatologic Disorders
Part 7: Disorders of the Eyes & Lids
Part 8: Otolaryngology Disorders
Part 9: Pulmonary Disorders
Part 10: Coronary Artery Disease, Valvular Disease, & Other Key Topics in Cardiology
Part 11: Heart Failure & Cardiomyopathy
Part 12: Disorders of Cardiac Rhythm
Part 13: Systemic Hypertension
Part 14: Blood Vessel & Lymphatic Disorders
Part 15: Blood Disorders
Part 16: Disorders of Hemostasis, Thrombosis, & Antithrombotic Therapy
Part 17: Gastrointestinal Disorders
Part 18: Liver, Biliary Tract, & Pancreas Disorders
Part 19: Breast Disorders
Part 20: Gynecologic Disorders
Part 21: Obstetrics & Obstetric Disorders
Part 22: Rheumatologic, Immunologic, & Allergic Disorders
Part 23: Electrolyte & Acid-Base Disorders
Part 24: Kidney Disease
Part 25: Urologic Disorders
Part 26: Nervous System Disorders
Part 27: Psychiatric Disorders
Part 28: Endocrine Disorders
Part 29: Diabetes Mellitus & Hypoglycemia
Part 30: Lipid Disorders
Part 31: Nutrition, Nutritional Disorders, & Obesity
Part 32: Common Problems in Infectious Diseases & Antimicrobial Therapy
Part 33: HIV Infection & AIDS
Part 34: Viral & Rickettsial Infections
Part 35: Bacterial & Chlamydial Infections
Part 36: Spirochetal Infections
Part 37: Protozoal & Helminthic Infections
Part 38: Mycotic Infections
Part 39: Disorders Related to Environmental Emergencies
Part 40: Poisoning
Part 41: Cancer
Part 42: Genetic & Genomic Disorders
Part 43: Orthopedic Disorders & Sports Medicine
Part 44: Sexual & Gender Minority Health
Part 45: Substance Use Disorders
Part e1: Anti-infective Treatment: Antibiotic, Antifungal, and Antiviral Agents
Part e2: Diagnostic Testing & Medical Decision-Making
Part e3: Information Technology in Patient Care
Part e4: Podiatric Disorders
Part e5: Women's Health Issues
Part e6: Appendix: Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Laboratory Reference Intervals, & Commonly
Used Blood Specimen Collection Tubes
, a LANGE medical book
2025
CURRENT
Medical Diagnosis
& Treatment
SIXT Y-FOURTH EDITION
Edited by
Maxine A. Papadakis, MD Michael W. Rabow, MD
Professor of Medicine, Emeritus Professor of Medicine and Urology
Department of Medicine Division of Palliative Medicine
University of California, San Francisco Department of Medicine
University of California, San Francisco
Kenneth R. McQuaid, MD
Professor of Medicine
Department of Medicine
University of California, San Francisco
Associate Editor
Monica Gandhi, MD, MPH
Professor of Medicine
Division of HIV, ID, and Global Medicine
San Francisco General Hospital
University of California, San Francisco
With Contributing Authors
, Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2025, Sixty-Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2025 by McGraw Hill. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under
the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any
means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without prior written permission of the publisher.
Previous editions copyright 2000 through 2024 by McGraw Hill Education; copyright © 1987 through 1999 by Appleton &
Lange; copyright 1962 through 1986 by Lange Medical Publications.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 LWI 28 27 26 25 24 23
ISBN 978-1-2662-6623-2
MHID 1-2662-6623-2
ISSN 0092-8682
Notice
Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in
treatment and drug therapy are required. The authors and the publisher of this work have checked with sources
believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and generally in accord with the
standards accepted at the time of publication. However, in view of the possibility of human error or changes in
medical sciences, neither the authors nor the publisher nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation
or publication of this work warrants that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete,
and they disclaim all responsibility for any errors or omissions or for the results obtained from use of the information
contained in this work. Readers are encouraged to confirm the information contained herein with other sources. For
example and in particular, readers are advised to check the product information sheet included in the package of each
medication they plan to administer to be certain that the information contained in this work is accurate and that
changes have not been made in the recommended dose or in the contraindications for administration. This
recommendation is of particular importance in connection with new or infrequently used medications.
This book was set in Minion Pro by KnowledgeWorks Global Ltd.
The editors were Kay Conerly, Jennifer Bernstein, and Sylvia Choi.
The production supervisor was Jeffrey Herzich.
Project management was provided by Tasneem Kauser at KnowledgeWorks Global Ltd.
The copyeditors were Greg Feldman, Kathryn Whitley, and Kim McAllister.
The index was prepared by Susan Hunter.
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
McGraw Hill books are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in
corporate training programs. To contact a representative, please visit the Contact Us pages at www.mhprofessional.com.
