ADN 520 - Exam 1 Questions and Answers Graded A+
pH - Answers 7.35-7.45
CO2 - Answers 35-45
HCO2 - Answers 22-26
Fully Compensated - Answers - pH is normal
- HCO3 and CO2 are abnormal
Partially Compensated - Answers All values are abnormal
Uncompensated - Answers - pH is abnormal
- HCO2 or CO2 is abnormal, not both
ROME - Answers Respiratory Opposite Metabolic Equal
- when the pH is low (acidic) the CO2 is high
- when the pH is low (acidic) the HCO2 is low
Metabolic Acidosis - Answers - Low pH, low HCO3
- Potassium may be elevated as well
Causes of Metabolic Acidosis - Answers - DKA (most common)
- Diarrhea, renal failure
- Dehydration
- Starvation (e.g. eating disorders)
- Sepsis
Symptoms of Metabolic Acidosis - Answers - Headache
- Confusion, drowsiness
- Nausea/vomiting
- Increased respirations (Kussmaul's, hyperventilation to compensate)
- Warm flushed skin
Treatment of Metabolic Acidosis - Answers - Antidiarrheals and rehydration
, - Insulin for DKA
Metabolic Alkalosis - Answers - High pH, high HCO3
- Low potassium
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Answers - Severe vomiting
- Patients with NG suctioning
- Frequent antacid use
- Blood transfusions/TPN
Treatment of Metabolic Alkalosis - Answers - If vomiting give IV fluids, antiemetics, electrolytes
Symptoms of Metabolic Alkalosis - Answers - Confusion
- Tachycardia from potassium decrease
- Compensatory hypoventilation
- Tremors, tingling
Respiratory Acidosis - Answers - Low pH, high CO2
- Elevated potassium
Causes of Respiratory Acidosis - Answers - Hypoventilation: opioids, anesthetics
- COPD, ARDs, pulmonary edema
- Increased ICP
- Sleep apnea, obesity
Treatment of Respiratory Acidosis - Answers - Oxygen
- Position, breathing techniques, bronchodilators or mucolytics
Symptoms of Respiratory Acidosis - Answers - Rapid and shallow respiration
- Dysrhythmia and tachycardia
- Pale or cyanotic
- Hypoxic
Respiratory Alkalosis - Answers - High pH, low CO2
pH - Answers 7.35-7.45
CO2 - Answers 35-45
HCO2 - Answers 22-26
Fully Compensated - Answers - pH is normal
- HCO3 and CO2 are abnormal
Partially Compensated - Answers All values are abnormal
Uncompensated - Answers - pH is abnormal
- HCO2 or CO2 is abnormal, not both
ROME - Answers Respiratory Opposite Metabolic Equal
- when the pH is low (acidic) the CO2 is high
- when the pH is low (acidic) the HCO2 is low
Metabolic Acidosis - Answers - Low pH, low HCO3
- Potassium may be elevated as well
Causes of Metabolic Acidosis - Answers - DKA (most common)
- Diarrhea, renal failure
- Dehydration
- Starvation (e.g. eating disorders)
- Sepsis
Symptoms of Metabolic Acidosis - Answers - Headache
- Confusion, drowsiness
- Nausea/vomiting
- Increased respirations (Kussmaul's, hyperventilation to compensate)
- Warm flushed skin
Treatment of Metabolic Acidosis - Answers - Antidiarrheals and rehydration
, - Insulin for DKA
Metabolic Alkalosis - Answers - High pH, high HCO3
- Low potassium
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Answers - Severe vomiting
- Patients with NG suctioning
- Frequent antacid use
- Blood transfusions/TPN
Treatment of Metabolic Alkalosis - Answers - If vomiting give IV fluids, antiemetics, electrolytes
Symptoms of Metabolic Alkalosis - Answers - Confusion
- Tachycardia from potassium decrease
- Compensatory hypoventilation
- Tremors, tingling
Respiratory Acidosis - Answers - Low pH, high CO2
- Elevated potassium
Causes of Respiratory Acidosis - Answers - Hypoventilation: opioids, anesthetics
- COPD, ARDs, pulmonary edema
- Increased ICP
- Sleep apnea, obesity
Treatment of Respiratory Acidosis - Answers - Oxygen
- Position, breathing techniques, bronchodilators or mucolytics
Symptoms of Respiratory Acidosis - Answers - Rapid and shallow respiration
- Dysrhythmia and tachycardia
- Pale or cyanotic
- Hypoxic
Respiratory Alkalosis - Answers - High pH, low CO2
