GENETIC ANALYSIS EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS || 100%
GUARANTEED PASS <RECENT VERSION>
1. What is the primary molecule responsible for storing genetic information in
most organisms?
A) Protein
B) Lipid
C) Carbohydrate
D) DNA
Answer: D) DNA - DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) contains the genes that
code for proteins and is the heritable material passed from parents to offspring, as
demonstrated by the Avery-MacLeod-McCarty and Hershey-Chase experiments.
2. In a diploid organism, what term describes the specific location of a gene on
a chromosome?
A) Allele
B) Locus
C) Centromere
D) Chromatid
Answer: B) Locus - A locus is the fixed, physical position of a gene or specific
DNA sequence on a chromosome.
3. The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism,
determined by its genetic makeup, are called the:
A) Genotype
B) Phenotype
C) Haplotype
D) Karyotype
Answer: B) Phenotype - The phenotype is the visible expression of the
genotype (e.g., flower color, height), which can also be influenced by
environmental factors.
,4. A heterozygous individual for a particular gene has:
A) Two identical alleles for that gene
B) Two different alleles for that gene
C) Only one allele for that gene
D) No alleles for that gene
Answer: B) Two different alleles for that gene - "Heterozygous" literally
means "different zygosity," indicating two different alleles (e.g., Aa).
5. Mendel's Law of Segregation states that:
A) Alleles of different genes assort independently of one another during gamete
formation.
B) Chromosomes segregate into gametes randomly.
C) The two alleles for a heritable character segregate (separate from each other)
during gamete formation and end up in different gametes.
D) Genes are linked together on the same chromosome.
Answer: C) The two alleles for a heritable character segregate (separate from each
other) during gamete formation and end up in different gametes. - This law
explains that diploid organisms have two alleles for a trait, and these separate
during meiosis so that each gamete carries only one allele.
6. In a cross between two heterozygous (Aa) individuals, what is the expected
genotypic ratio of the offspring?
A) All Aa
B) 1 AA : 2 Aa : 1 aa
C) 3 Dominant : 1 Recessive
D) 1 AA : 1 aa
Answer: B) 1 AA : 2 Aa : 1 aa - A Punnett square for Aa x Aa yields 1 AA, 2
Aa, and 1 aa.
7. A testcross is used to:
A) Determine if an individual is homozygous recessive.
B) Determine the number of chromosomes in an individual.
C) Determine if an individual with a dominant phenotype is homozygous or
heterozygous.
D) Test for the presence of a mutation.
Answer: C) Determine if an individual with a dominant phenotype is homozygous
, or heterozygous. - The individual with the dominant phenotype is crossed with
a homozygous recessive individual. If the offspring show a 1:1 phenotypic ratio,
the test subject is heterozygous.
8. Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment applies to:
A) Alleles of the same gene.
B) Genes located on the same chromosome.
C) Genes located on different, non-homologous chromosomes.
D) Linked genes without crossover.
Answer: C) Genes located on different, non-homologous chromosomes. - This
law states that the allele a gamete receives for one gene does not influence the
allele received for another gene, which is true for unlinked genes on separate
chromosomes.
9. In a dihybrid cross between two heterozygous individuals (AaBb x AaBb),
what is the expected phenotypic ratio if the genes assort independently?
A) 1:1:1:1
B) 9:3:3:1
C) 3:1
D) 1:2:1
Answer: B) 9:3:3:1 - This classic ratio represents 9 with both dominant traits,
3 with dominant A/recessive b, 3 with recessive a/dominant B, and 1 with both
recessive traits.
10. What is the probability of getting two heads in two flips of a fair coin?
A) 1/2
B) 1/4
C) 1/8
D) 1
Answer: B) 1/4 - The probability of heads on one flip is 1/2. Using the
multiplication rule, (1/2) * (1/2) = 1/4.
11. The Chi-square test is used in genetics to:
A) Determine the genotype of an individual.
B) Evaluate how well observed experimental results fit expected results.
C) Calculate the probability of independent events.
2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS || 100%
GUARANTEED PASS <RECENT VERSION>
1. What is the primary molecule responsible for storing genetic information in
most organisms?
A) Protein
B) Lipid
C) Carbohydrate
D) DNA
Answer: D) DNA - DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) contains the genes that
code for proteins and is the heritable material passed from parents to offspring, as
demonstrated by the Avery-MacLeod-McCarty and Hershey-Chase experiments.
2. In a diploid organism, what term describes the specific location of a gene on
a chromosome?
A) Allele
B) Locus
C) Centromere
D) Chromatid
Answer: B) Locus - A locus is the fixed, physical position of a gene or specific
DNA sequence on a chromosome.
3. The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism,
determined by its genetic makeup, are called the:
A) Genotype
B) Phenotype
C) Haplotype
D) Karyotype
Answer: B) Phenotype - The phenotype is the visible expression of the
genotype (e.g., flower color, height), which can also be influenced by
environmental factors.
,4. A heterozygous individual for a particular gene has:
A) Two identical alleles for that gene
B) Two different alleles for that gene
C) Only one allele for that gene
D) No alleles for that gene
Answer: B) Two different alleles for that gene - "Heterozygous" literally
means "different zygosity," indicating two different alleles (e.g., Aa).
5. Mendel's Law of Segregation states that:
A) Alleles of different genes assort independently of one another during gamete
formation.
B) Chromosomes segregate into gametes randomly.
C) The two alleles for a heritable character segregate (separate from each other)
during gamete formation and end up in different gametes.
D) Genes are linked together on the same chromosome.
Answer: C) The two alleles for a heritable character segregate (separate from each
other) during gamete formation and end up in different gametes. - This law
explains that diploid organisms have two alleles for a trait, and these separate
during meiosis so that each gamete carries only one allele.
6. In a cross between two heterozygous (Aa) individuals, what is the expected
genotypic ratio of the offspring?
A) All Aa
B) 1 AA : 2 Aa : 1 aa
C) 3 Dominant : 1 Recessive
D) 1 AA : 1 aa
Answer: B) 1 AA : 2 Aa : 1 aa - A Punnett square for Aa x Aa yields 1 AA, 2
Aa, and 1 aa.
7. A testcross is used to:
A) Determine if an individual is homozygous recessive.
B) Determine the number of chromosomes in an individual.
C) Determine if an individual with a dominant phenotype is homozygous or
heterozygous.
D) Test for the presence of a mutation.
Answer: C) Determine if an individual with a dominant phenotype is homozygous
, or heterozygous. - The individual with the dominant phenotype is crossed with
a homozygous recessive individual. If the offspring show a 1:1 phenotypic ratio,
the test subject is heterozygous.
8. Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment applies to:
A) Alleles of the same gene.
B) Genes located on the same chromosome.
C) Genes located on different, non-homologous chromosomes.
D) Linked genes without crossover.
Answer: C) Genes located on different, non-homologous chromosomes. - This
law states that the allele a gamete receives for one gene does not influence the
allele received for another gene, which is true for unlinked genes on separate
chromosomes.
9. In a dihybrid cross between two heterozygous individuals (AaBb x AaBb),
what is the expected phenotypic ratio if the genes assort independently?
A) 1:1:1:1
B) 9:3:3:1
C) 3:1
D) 1:2:1
Answer: B) 9:3:3:1 - This classic ratio represents 9 with both dominant traits,
3 with dominant A/recessive b, 3 with recessive a/dominant B, and 1 with both
recessive traits.
10. What is the probability of getting two heads in two flips of a fair coin?
A) 1/2
B) 1/4
C) 1/8
D) 1
Answer: B) 1/4 - The probability of heads on one flip is 1/2. Using the
multiplication rule, (1/2) * (1/2) = 1/4.
11. The Chi-square test is used in genetics to:
A) Determine the genotype of an individual.
B) Evaluate how well observed experimental results fit expected results.
C) Calculate the probability of independent events.
