AP BIOLOGY EXAM
REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Element - Correct Answers -A pure substance made of only one kind of atom
Oxygen - Correct Answers -A gas produced by plants during photosynthesis that
animals use for respiration
Nitrogen - Correct Answers -element found in proteins and nucleic acids
trace elements - Correct Answers -elements required by an organism in only minute
quantities
Atom - Correct Answers -Basic unit of matter
Protons - Correct Answers -positively charged subatomic particles
Neutrons - Correct Answers -the particles of the nucleus that have no charge
Electrons - Correct Answers -negatively charged subatomic particles
Nucleus - Correct Answers -the center of an atom, which contains the protons and
neutrons
isotopes - Correct Answers -Atoms of the same element with different numbers of
neutrons
radiometric dating - Correct Answers -Dating using decay of radioactive isotopes.
Compound - Correct Answers -A substance made up of atoms of two or more different
elements joined by chemical bonds
chemical reaction - Correct Answers -the process by which one or more substances
change to produce one or more different substances
chemical bond - Correct Answers -The force that holds atoms together
ionic bond - Correct Answers -Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from
one atom to another
,covalent bond - Correct Answers -A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of
electrons between atoms in a molecule
hydrogen bond - Correct Answers -weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and
another atom
Ions - Correct Answers -charged particles
nonpolar covalent bond - Correct Answers -a covalent bond in which the electrons are
shared equally by the two atoms
polar covalent bond - Correct Answers -A covalent bond in which electrons are not
shared equally
polar molecule - Correct Answers -molecule with an unequal distribution of charge,
resulting in the molecule having a positive end and a negative end
Cohesion - Correct Answers -an attraction between molecules of the same substance,
like water and water
Adhesion - Correct Answers -An attraction between molecules of different substances,
like and water and another substance
surface tension - Correct Answers -the force that acts on the surface of a liquid and
explains why an insect can "walk" on water
heat capacity - Correct Answers -the number of heat units needed to raise the
temperature of a body by one degree.
expansion on freezing - Correct Answers -water forms a crystalline structure that
expands and is less dense than its liquid state
adhesive - Correct Answers -able to stick fast to a surface or object; sticky.
capillary action - Correct Answers -ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without the
assistance of, or even in opposition to, external forces like gravity
acidic - Correct Answers -pH less than 7 due to a higher concentration of H+ ions
basic - Correct Answers -pH greater than 7 due to a higher concentration of OH- ions
neutral - Correct Answers -pH of 7
Alkaline - Correct Answers -basic or having a pH of greater than 7
, pH scale - Correct Answers -measurement system used to indicate the concentration of
hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; ranges from 0 to 14
organic compounds - Correct Answers -carbon-based molecules
inorganic compounds - Correct Answers -Compounds that do not contain carbon
Polymer - Correct Answers -A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical
monomers linked together.
Monomer - Correct Answers -A simple compound whose molecules can join together to
form polymers
Carbohydrates - Correct Answers -macromolecule made up of monosaccharides
Monosaccharides - Correct Answers -monomer of carbohydrates like glucose
disacharidases - Correct Answers -carbohydrates made up of TWO monosaccharides
like maltose
poysaccharides - Correct Answers -polymer of carbohydrates that is made of up of
many monosaccharides like starch and glycogen
Glucose - Correct Answers -monosaccharide that gets broken down in cellular
respiration
Fructose - Correct Answers -A monosaccharide found predominantly in fruit and honey
dehydration synthesis (condensation) - Correct Answers -reaction that links monomer
molecules together, releasing a molecule of water for each bond formed
Hydrolysis - Correct Answers -Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical
addition of water
Starch - Correct Answers -A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of
glucose.
Cellulose - Correct Answers -A substance (made of sugars) that is common in the cell
walls of many organisms
Glycogen - Correct Answers -An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide
found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch.
amino acids - Correct Answers -building blocks of proteins
amino group - Correct Answers -NH2
REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Element - Correct Answers -A pure substance made of only one kind of atom
Oxygen - Correct Answers -A gas produced by plants during photosynthesis that
animals use for respiration
Nitrogen - Correct Answers -element found in proteins and nucleic acids
trace elements - Correct Answers -elements required by an organism in only minute
quantities
Atom - Correct Answers -Basic unit of matter
Protons - Correct Answers -positively charged subatomic particles
Neutrons - Correct Answers -the particles of the nucleus that have no charge
Electrons - Correct Answers -negatively charged subatomic particles
Nucleus - Correct Answers -the center of an atom, which contains the protons and
neutrons
isotopes - Correct Answers -Atoms of the same element with different numbers of
neutrons
radiometric dating - Correct Answers -Dating using decay of radioactive isotopes.
Compound - Correct Answers -A substance made up of atoms of two or more different
elements joined by chemical bonds
chemical reaction - Correct Answers -the process by which one or more substances
change to produce one or more different substances
chemical bond - Correct Answers -The force that holds atoms together
ionic bond - Correct Answers -Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from
one atom to another
,covalent bond - Correct Answers -A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of
electrons between atoms in a molecule
hydrogen bond - Correct Answers -weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and
another atom
Ions - Correct Answers -charged particles
nonpolar covalent bond - Correct Answers -a covalent bond in which the electrons are
shared equally by the two atoms
polar covalent bond - Correct Answers -A covalent bond in which electrons are not
shared equally
polar molecule - Correct Answers -molecule with an unequal distribution of charge,
resulting in the molecule having a positive end and a negative end
Cohesion - Correct Answers -an attraction between molecules of the same substance,
like water and water
Adhesion - Correct Answers -An attraction between molecules of different substances,
like and water and another substance
surface tension - Correct Answers -the force that acts on the surface of a liquid and
explains why an insect can "walk" on water
heat capacity - Correct Answers -the number of heat units needed to raise the
temperature of a body by one degree.
expansion on freezing - Correct Answers -water forms a crystalline structure that
expands and is less dense than its liquid state
adhesive - Correct Answers -able to stick fast to a surface or object; sticky.
capillary action - Correct Answers -ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without the
assistance of, or even in opposition to, external forces like gravity
acidic - Correct Answers -pH less than 7 due to a higher concentration of H+ ions
basic - Correct Answers -pH greater than 7 due to a higher concentration of OH- ions
neutral - Correct Answers -pH of 7
Alkaline - Correct Answers -basic or having a pH of greater than 7
, pH scale - Correct Answers -measurement system used to indicate the concentration of
hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; ranges from 0 to 14
organic compounds - Correct Answers -carbon-based molecules
inorganic compounds - Correct Answers -Compounds that do not contain carbon
Polymer - Correct Answers -A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical
monomers linked together.
Monomer - Correct Answers -A simple compound whose molecules can join together to
form polymers
Carbohydrates - Correct Answers -macromolecule made up of monosaccharides
Monosaccharides - Correct Answers -monomer of carbohydrates like glucose
disacharidases - Correct Answers -carbohydrates made up of TWO monosaccharides
like maltose
poysaccharides - Correct Answers -polymer of carbohydrates that is made of up of
many monosaccharides like starch and glycogen
Glucose - Correct Answers -monosaccharide that gets broken down in cellular
respiration
Fructose - Correct Answers -A monosaccharide found predominantly in fruit and honey
dehydration synthesis (condensation) - Correct Answers -reaction that links monomer
molecules together, releasing a molecule of water for each bond formed
Hydrolysis - Correct Answers -Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical
addition of water
Starch - Correct Answers -A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of
glucose.
Cellulose - Correct Answers -A substance (made of sugars) that is common in the cell
walls of many organisms
Glycogen - Correct Answers -An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide
found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch.
amino acids - Correct Answers -building blocks of proteins
amino group - Correct Answers -NH2
