AP BIO TEST 2 AP CLASSROOM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
A certain type of specialized cell contains an unusually large amount of rough
endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
Which of the following functions is this cell type most likely specialized to perform? -
Correct Answers -the production and secretion of proteins
A group of mutations, known as MT-ND1, have been identified in mitochondrial DNA.
These mutations are associated with a number of debilitating diseases stemming from
the production of nonfunctional proteins in the mitochondria.
Which of the following cellular deficiencies would most likely be related to these MT-
ND1 mutations? - Correct Answers -The cell is unable to complete reactions related to
electron transport and ATP production.
A scientist is studying the various prokaryotic and eukaryotic species found floating in a
sample of water taken from a marine ecosystem.
Which cellular component will be found in the widest range of organisms in the sample?
- Correct Answers -The ribosome, since all organisms need to synthesize proteins.
In an experiment, researchers provided a radiolabeled amino acid to living plant cells.
After one hour, the researchers determined the amount of the radiolabeled amino acid
that was in each of several subcellular compartments. The results of the experiment are
represented in the table.
RELATIVE AMOUNTS OF RADIOLABELED AMINO ACID
Nucleus Mitochondria Endoplasmic Reticulum Cytosol
2.1 2.7 1.9 1
Which of the following conclusions about the radiolabeled amino acid is best supported
by the results of the experiment? - Correct Answers -It was mostly incorporated into
proteins that regulate and manage metabolic reactions.
Researchers conducted an experiment to investigate the effects of a valinomycin
treatment on skeletal muscle cells. Valinomycin is a naturally occurring substance that
can be used as a drug. The results of the experiment are presented in the table.
Relative Rates of ATP Production
Time after Treatment Untreated Cells Valinomycin-Treated Cells
, 5 minutes 1.0 0.3
10 minutes 7.7 2.7
Which of the following claims about the effects of the valinomycin treatment is best
supported by the data presented in the table? - Correct Answers -The valinomycin
treatment caused a decrease in the activity of the mitochondria.
6. In an experiment, researchers compared the growth of two different plants, plant X
and plant Y. The researchers maintained the plants under nearly identical conditions
and observed that plant X grew faster than plant Y. The researchers also observed that
the inner mitochondrial membranes of plant X had more folds than did those of plant Y.
Which of the following conclusions about increasing the number of folds in the inner
mitochondrial membrane is best supported by the results of the experiment? - Correct
Answers -It increases the surface area available for ATPATP production, which results
in faster cell growth.
23. Some viral infections can lead to the rupture of the lysosome membrane. Which
prediction of the effect of this disruption of cellular compartmentalization is most likely
correct? - Correct Answers -Hydrolytic enzymes will be released, which will cause cell
death.
24. Gaucher disease is an inherited disorder in which cells of the body are unable to
break down a particular type of lipid, resulting in a buildup of the lipid in some tissues
and organs.
Based on the information provided, Gaucher disease results most directly from a defect
in the function of which of the following organelles? - Correct Answers -the lysosome
25. Researchers have proposed a model of chloroplast evolution. According to the
model, chloroplasts evolved from a small prokaryotic organism that was engulfed by an
ancestral eukaryote. The engulfed prokaryote then formed an endosymbiotic
relationship with the eukaryotic host.
Which of the following observations best supports the model? - Correct Answers -
Chloroplasts and some prokaryotes share similar photosynthetic reactions.
7. Some cells, such as intestinal cells, exchange a lot of material with their
surroundings. The surface-to-volume ratio of these cells affects the efficiency of material
exchange.
The table provides measurements of four different eukaryotic cells.
Cell 1 2 3 4
Total surface area (μm2) 40 60 80 100
Total volume (μm3) 20 10 30 20
Based on the data, which cell is likely to be most effective in the exchange of materials?
- Correct Answers -Cell 2
8. Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is a disorder of red blood cells that causes the cells to
be smaller and spherical instead of having the usual flattened, biconcave shape. The
average diameter of normal red blood cells is 7.2μm, and the average diameter of red
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
A certain type of specialized cell contains an unusually large amount of rough
endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
Which of the following functions is this cell type most likely specialized to perform? -
Correct Answers -the production and secretion of proteins
A group of mutations, known as MT-ND1, have been identified in mitochondrial DNA.
These mutations are associated with a number of debilitating diseases stemming from
the production of nonfunctional proteins in the mitochondria.
Which of the following cellular deficiencies would most likely be related to these MT-
ND1 mutations? - Correct Answers -The cell is unable to complete reactions related to
electron transport and ATP production.
A scientist is studying the various prokaryotic and eukaryotic species found floating in a
sample of water taken from a marine ecosystem.
Which cellular component will be found in the widest range of organisms in the sample?
- Correct Answers -The ribosome, since all organisms need to synthesize proteins.
In an experiment, researchers provided a radiolabeled amino acid to living plant cells.
After one hour, the researchers determined the amount of the radiolabeled amino acid
that was in each of several subcellular compartments. The results of the experiment are
represented in the table.
RELATIVE AMOUNTS OF RADIOLABELED AMINO ACID
Nucleus Mitochondria Endoplasmic Reticulum Cytosol
2.1 2.7 1.9 1
Which of the following conclusions about the radiolabeled amino acid is best supported
by the results of the experiment? - Correct Answers -It was mostly incorporated into
proteins that regulate and manage metabolic reactions.
Researchers conducted an experiment to investigate the effects of a valinomycin
treatment on skeletal muscle cells. Valinomycin is a naturally occurring substance that
can be used as a drug. The results of the experiment are presented in the table.
Relative Rates of ATP Production
Time after Treatment Untreated Cells Valinomycin-Treated Cells
, 5 minutes 1.0 0.3
10 minutes 7.7 2.7
Which of the following claims about the effects of the valinomycin treatment is best
supported by the data presented in the table? - Correct Answers -The valinomycin
treatment caused a decrease in the activity of the mitochondria.
6. In an experiment, researchers compared the growth of two different plants, plant X
and plant Y. The researchers maintained the plants under nearly identical conditions
and observed that plant X grew faster than plant Y. The researchers also observed that
the inner mitochondrial membranes of plant X had more folds than did those of plant Y.
Which of the following conclusions about increasing the number of folds in the inner
mitochondrial membrane is best supported by the results of the experiment? - Correct
Answers -It increases the surface area available for ATPATP production, which results
in faster cell growth.
23. Some viral infections can lead to the rupture of the lysosome membrane. Which
prediction of the effect of this disruption of cellular compartmentalization is most likely
correct? - Correct Answers -Hydrolytic enzymes will be released, which will cause cell
death.
24. Gaucher disease is an inherited disorder in which cells of the body are unable to
break down a particular type of lipid, resulting in a buildup of the lipid in some tissues
and organs.
Based on the information provided, Gaucher disease results most directly from a defect
in the function of which of the following organelles? - Correct Answers -the lysosome
25. Researchers have proposed a model of chloroplast evolution. According to the
model, chloroplasts evolved from a small prokaryotic organism that was engulfed by an
ancestral eukaryote. The engulfed prokaryote then formed an endosymbiotic
relationship with the eukaryotic host.
Which of the following observations best supports the model? - Correct Answers -
Chloroplasts and some prokaryotes share similar photosynthetic reactions.
7. Some cells, such as intestinal cells, exchange a lot of material with their
surroundings. The surface-to-volume ratio of these cells affects the efficiency of material
exchange.
The table provides measurements of four different eukaryotic cells.
Cell 1 2 3 4
Total surface area (μm2) 40 60 80 100
Total volume (μm3) 20 10 30 20
Based on the data, which cell is likely to be most effective in the exchange of materials?
- Correct Answers -Cell 2
8. Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is a disorder of red blood cells that causes the cells to
be smaller and spherical instead of having the usual flattened, biconcave shape. The
average diameter of normal red blood cells is 7.2μm, and the average diameter of red
