AP BIO EXAM REVIEW UNITS 1-6
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
most common elements - Correct Answers -C, H, O, N
protons - Correct Answers -positively charged particles
electrons - Correct Answers -negatively charged particles
neutrons - Correct Answers -particles with no charge
isotopes - Correct Answers -forms of an element with differing numbers of neutrons
covalent bonds - Correct Answers -when electrons are shared by two atoms
nonpolar covalent bonds - Correct Answers -shared equally
polar covalent bonds - Correct Answers -shared unequally
ionic bonds - Correct Answers -attraction between oppositely charged ions
hydrogen bonds - Correct Answers -weak bonds between positively charged H and
negatively charged O or N
are water molecules polar or nonpolar? - Correct Answers -polar
cohesion - Correct Answers -linking of like molecules
adhesion - Correct Answers -clinging of one substance to another
transpiration - Correct Answers -water moving up xylem tubes
specific heat - Correct Answers -amount of heat required to change the temperature of
a substance by 1 degree celsius
solvent - Correct Answers -substance something is dissolved in
hydrophilic - Correct Answers -water soluble and polar
, hydrophobic - Correct Answers -dissolve in water and nonpolar
buffers - Correct Answers -minimize changes in pH (carbonic acid)
isomers - Correct Answers -same molecular formula but different structures
hydrolysis - Correct Answers -water is added to split large molecules
functions of polysaccharides - Correct Answers -energy storage and structural support
what are fats made up of? - Correct Answers -one glycerol and three fatty acids
functions of lipids - Correct Answers -energy storage and protection of vital organs
peptide bonds link... - Correct Answers -amino acids
primary structure - Correct Answers -where amino acids are joined
secondary structure shapes - Correct Answers -alpha helix or beta pleated sheet
tertiary structure - Correct Answers -interactions between side chains that determine
shape
quaternary structure - Correct Answers -two or more chains forming one large protein
prokaryotes - Correct Answers -no nucleus or membrane bound organelles
are prokaryotes or eukaryotes smaller? - Correct Answers -prokaryotes
plasma membrane - Correct Answers -boundary for the cell
cell wall - Correct Answers -protects the cell and maintains its shape
surface-to-volume ratio - Correct Answers -less favorable as size increases
zygote transformation processes - Correct Answers -cell division, cell differentiation,
morphogenesis
determination - Correct Answers -series of events that lead to observable differentiation
of a cell
oncogenes - Correct Answers -cancer causing genes
nucleus components - Correct Answers -cell's DNA, nuclear envelope, chromatin,
nucleolus
ribosomes - Correct Answers -protein factories made of rRNA and protein
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
most common elements - Correct Answers -C, H, O, N
protons - Correct Answers -positively charged particles
electrons - Correct Answers -negatively charged particles
neutrons - Correct Answers -particles with no charge
isotopes - Correct Answers -forms of an element with differing numbers of neutrons
covalent bonds - Correct Answers -when electrons are shared by two atoms
nonpolar covalent bonds - Correct Answers -shared equally
polar covalent bonds - Correct Answers -shared unequally
ionic bonds - Correct Answers -attraction between oppositely charged ions
hydrogen bonds - Correct Answers -weak bonds between positively charged H and
negatively charged O or N
are water molecules polar or nonpolar? - Correct Answers -polar
cohesion - Correct Answers -linking of like molecules
adhesion - Correct Answers -clinging of one substance to another
transpiration - Correct Answers -water moving up xylem tubes
specific heat - Correct Answers -amount of heat required to change the temperature of
a substance by 1 degree celsius
solvent - Correct Answers -substance something is dissolved in
hydrophilic - Correct Answers -water soluble and polar
, hydrophobic - Correct Answers -dissolve in water and nonpolar
buffers - Correct Answers -minimize changes in pH (carbonic acid)
isomers - Correct Answers -same molecular formula but different structures
hydrolysis - Correct Answers -water is added to split large molecules
functions of polysaccharides - Correct Answers -energy storage and structural support
what are fats made up of? - Correct Answers -one glycerol and three fatty acids
functions of lipids - Correct Answers -energy storage and protection of vital organs
peptide bonds link... - Correct Answers -amino acids
primary structure - Correct Answers -where amino acids are joined
secondary structure shapes - Correct Answers -alpha helix or beta pleated sheet
tertiary structure - Correct Answers -interactions between side chains that determine
shape
quaternary structure - Correct Answers -two or more chains forming one large protein
prokaryotes - Correct Answers -no nucleus or membrane bound organelles
are prokaryotes or eukaryotes smaller? - Correct Answers -prokaryotes
plasma membrane - Correct Answers -boundary for the cell
cell wall - Correct Answers -protects the cell and maintains its shape
surface-to-volume ratio - Correct Answers -less favorable as size increases
zygote transformation processes - Correct Answers -cell division, cell differentiation,
morphogenesis
determination - Correct Answers -series of events that lead to observable differentiation
of a cell
oncogenes - Correct Answers -cancer causing genes
nucleus components - Correct Answers -cell's DNA, nuclear envelope, chromatin,
nucleolus
ribosomes - Correct Answers -protein factories made of rRNA and protein
