COM 212 PROCTORED EXAM 2025/2026 100%
ACCURATE FALL-SPRING |ALREADY GRADED
A+
How can researchers increase reliability?
- Use consistent procedures that can be trusted
- Measure the same concepts each time they are used
What are quantitative researchers interested in, regarding validity?
Authenticity
What is the relationship between validity and reliability?
- Measurement should be valid and reliable
- Reliable measurements can't be obtained without validity
- When validity is achieved, reliability is presumed
What is the role of pretests, posttests, and replication in reliability?
Pretests/Posttests: Test-Retest method that determine if test is reliable based on statistics
applied to results
Replication: Replicating studies help determine whether procedures are reliable
Which is more difficult to achieve in research: reliability or validity?
Reliability
What is presumed when reliability and validity are achieved in a study?
Data are presumed to be free from systematic errors
When no one (not even the researcher) knows who gave a response it is called
,Anonymity
What was the Belmont Report
- Adopted 1979
- Set of guidelines that must be followed by any institution receiving federal funding or support
"Do no harm"
Beneficence
Information secret from public disclosure when only researcher knows names attached to
responses is called
Confidentiality
Discussing research
Debriefing
What does it mean that hypotheses are always tentative?
Hypotheses are not fixed and they are constantly being altered based on new findings
A research hypothesis predicts
the research outcome
Independent variable or presumed cause in relationship among variables
Antecedent
What are 3 other terms for an independent variable
Causal variable, antecedent variable, experimental variable
, What kind of definition gives abstract, theoretical terms?
conceptual definition
Giving a construct or variable a conceptual definition is called
Conceptualization
Variable of primary interest - Is influences or changed by the independent variable
Dependent variable
Link concept, idea, construct to measure to observe idea empirically
Measurement
A definition of a variable in terms of specific activities to measure it or indicate it with empirical
evidence is a ___________ definition
operational
Procedures used to observe or measure variables
Operationalism
Antecedent, Independent, Treatment are all synonyms for this variable
Predictor Variable
Describe the relationship between the independent and dependent variables in a research
study.
Cannot specify independent variables without specifying dependent variables; Number of
independent and dependent variables depends on nature and complexity of study; Number and
type of variables dictates which statistical test will be used
ACCURATE FALL-SPRING |ALREADY GRADED
A+
How can researchers increase reliability?
- Use consistent procedures that can be trusted
- Measure the same concepts each time they are used
What are quantitative researchers interested in, regarding validity?
Authenticity
What is the relationship between validity and reliability?
- Measurement should be valid and reliable
- Reliable measurements can't be obtained without validity
- When validity is achieved, reliability is presumed
What is the role of pretests, posttests, and replication in reliability?
Pretests/Posttests: Test-Retest method that determine if test is reliable based on statistics
applied to results
Replication: Replicating studies help determine whether procedures are reliable
Which is more difficult to achieve in research: reliability or validity?
Reliability
What is presumed when reliability and validity are achieved in a study?
Data are presumed to be free from systematic errors
When no one (not even the researcher) knows who gave a response it is called
,Anonymity
What was the Belmont Report
- Adopted 1979
- Set of guidelines that must be followed by any institution receiving federal funding or support
"Do no harm"
Beneficence
Information secret from public disclosure when only researcher knows names attached to
responses is called
Confidentiality
Discussing research
Debriefing
What does it mean that hypotheses are always tentative?
Hypotheses are not fixed and they are constantly being altered based on new findings
A research hypothesis predicts
the research outcome
Independent variable or presumed cause in relationship among variables
Antecedent
What are 3 other terms for an independent variable
Causal variable, antecedent variable, experimental variable
, What kind of definition gives abstract, theoretical terms?
conceptual definition
Giving a construct or variable a conceptual definition is called
Conceptualization
Variable of primary interest - Is influences or changed by the independent variable
Dependent variable
Link concept, idea, construct to measure to observe idea empirically
Measurement
A definition of a variable in terms of specific activities to measure it or indicate it with empirical
evidence is a ___________ definition
operational
Procedures used to observe or measure variables
Operationalism
Antecedent, Independent, Treatment are all synonyms for this variable
Predictor Variable
Describe the relationship between the independent and dependent variables in a research
study.
Cannot specify independent variables without specifying dependent variables; Number of
independent and dependent variables depends on nature and complexity of study; Number and
type of variables dictates which statistical test will be used
