NR 226 Weeks 1 & 2 Questions and Answers

NR 226 Weeks 1 & 2 Questions and Answers Which type of nurses make the best communicators? Ones who develop critical thinking skills Perception is influenced by which three things? The five senses, culture, and education Define perceptual bias human tendencies that interfere with accurately perceiving and interpreting messages from others. What can help overcome perceptual bias? Critical thinking What are the 6 levels of communication? Intrapersonal: occurs within an individual Interpersonal: one-to-one interaction between two people Transpersonal: interaction within a person's spiritual domain Small group: interactions with a small number of people Public: interaction with an audience Electronic What are the elements of the communication process? Referent: motivates one to communicate with another Sender and receiver: one who encodes and decodes the message Message: content of the message Channels: means of conveying and receiving messages Feedback: message the receiver returns Interpersonal variables: factors that influence communication Environment: the setting for sender-receiver interactions What are the 4 phases of the helping nurse-patient relationship? Preinteraction phase Orientation phase Working phase Termination phase Therapeutic communication and active listening is part of which step of the nursing process? Implementation Specific responses that encourage the expression of feelings and ideas and convey acceptance and respect Therapeutic communication techniques List some therapeutic communication techniques Sharing empathy, providing information, clarifying, focusing, validation, self-disclosure, confrontation List some non-therapeutic communication techniques False reassurance, sympathy, changing the subject, asking for explanations, giving personal opinions, asking personal questions Being attentive to what a patient is saying both verbally and nonverbally Active listening What are the priority levels of patient care? First-level (high priority): tend to immediately! (A)airway, (B)breathing, (C)cardiac/circulation + (V)vital sign (L)lab values Second-level (immediately follow first-level): changes in mental status, acute pain, untreated medical issues, lab results, risks Third-level: health problems other than those in the first two levels such as long-term health management, rest, and family coping. Define delegation The process of assigning part of your responsibility to another qualified person in a specific situation What are the 4 main things that can never be delegated? Critical reasoning, critical decision-making, patient education (teaching), and nursing judgement (nursing process) What are the 5 rights of delegation? right task right circumstance right person right directions/communication right supervision/evaluation Define ethics The study of the ideals of right and wrong BEHAVIOR Define morals JUDGEMENT about behavior based on specific beliefs What are the 6 different terms in healthcare ethics? Autonomy: commitment to include patients in decisions Beneficence: taking positive actions to help others Nonmaleficence: do no harm Justice: fairness Fidelity: keeping promises Veracity: telling the truth What are the 4 principles included in the code of nursing ethics? Advocacy, responsibility, accountability, and confidentiality Define futile care Medical care or treatment to a patient when there is no reasonable hope of a cure or NO BENEFIT Nursing practice is shaped by which 2 ethical term? Beneficence and fidelity Sometimes people are so passionate about their own __________ that they provoke judgmental attitudes during conflicts. Values; so passionate about their beliefs that they consider it a fact Define utilitarianism of ethics Proposes the value of something determined by its usefulness (measures the effect the value will have on something) Define casuistry of ethics Focuses on the details of the situation to determine best actions Define deontology of ethics Defines actions as right or wrong based on their adherence to rules and principles Define moral distress Nurse feels the need to take action but believes/knows the action to be wrong What are the 7 steps to processing an ethical dilemma? 1. ask if its an ethical problem 2. gather all relevant information 3. identify ethical elements and examine your values 4. name the problem 5. consider possible courses of action 6. create an action plan 7. evaluate the action plan Statutory laws include which other 2 laws? Criminal law and Civil law Criminal law includes __________ and __________ Felonies and misdemeanors Civil law includes which act? The nurse practice act Misdemeanor vs. Felony -Misdemeanors are minor crimes that can cause injury but no serious harm -Felonies are more serious crimes that usually require jail time What does the mental health parity and addiction equity act stand for? Health care facilities have to offer the same level of care for mental health as with physical health What is an advanced directive? a written statement of a person's wishes regarding MEDICAL TREATMENT, often including a living will. What is a healthcare proxy? Person in charge of decisions regarding end of life care when the patient is no longer able to make decisions for self What is the nurse practice act? Makes nurses accountable and assures that care is consistent with best practice within the scope and standards of nursing The informed consent and health care acts consists of what 5 rights? A right to: -an explanation of the procedure/treatment -the names and qualifications of people performing in a procedure -a description of the serious harm that may occur as a result of the procedure -know that he or she has the right to refuse the procedure Define assault and battery -Assualt: instilling fear, threatening, but NO PHYSICAL HARM -Battery: follows through with a threat, physical harm, no consent Define false imprisonment Holding a person against their will, restraining/restricting an individual's freedom Define Quasi-intentional Tort Acts in which a person may not intend to cause harm but does cause harm Define negligence Failure to assess and/or monitor; falls below the standard of care What are 10 examples of negligence -failure to monitor in timely fashion -failure to use proper equipment to monitor patient -failure to document the monitoring -failure to notify the health care provider of problems -failure to follow orders -failure to follow the seven rights of medication admin -failure to convey discharge instructions -failure to ensure patient safety -failure to follow policies and procedures -failure to properly delegate and supervise Malpractice is a type of __________ negligence What is the most common type of malpractice insurance? NSO What is the tool used in risk management? Incident report; a.k.a occurrence report, variance report An occurrence reports does what 3 things? -serves as a database for further investigation -identifies corrective actions to prevent reoccurrence -alerts risk management to a potential claim situation What are the steps of the teaching process? -identify a need for information -establish learning objectives -the nurse convey information -the patient learns the info -provide feedback -evaluate success What are the 3 domains of learning? Cognitive: includes all intellectual behaviors and requires thinking (lecture, Q&A) Affective: expression of feelings, acceptance of attitudes, opinions, or values (role play, discussion) Psychomotor: require integration of mental/muscular activity (demonstration, practice, games, return demo) What are the 3 basic learning principles? Motivation to learn: desire/willingness to learn Ability to learn: physical and cognitive abilities, developmental level, physical wellness, and though process Learning environment: allows a person to attend to instruction Define health literacy Cognitive and social skills that determine the ability of an individual to understand and use information to promote good health/make health decisions