NUR641E Final Study Guide 2025/2026
Exam Questions and Correct Answers |
New Update
Pharmacokinetics involves... - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔ADME - absorption,
distribution, metabolism, elimination
Absorption - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Absorption from the administration site either
directly or indirectly into the blood/plasma.
Distribution - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Reversibly or irreversibly moves from the
bloodstream into the interstitial and intracellular fluid.
Metabolism - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Bio-transformed via hepatic metabolism or by
other tissues.
Elimination - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The drug and its metabolites are eliminated
from the body.
,Which route of administration has the highest bioavailability? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Intravenous - putting the entire dose into a patient's vein and bypassing
absorption.
Intravenous route avoids... - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔First-pass metabolism in the
liver.
Rectal administration has what kind of absorption? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Variable and erratic
When is steady state (SS) of a drug typically reached? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔4-
5 half-lives of a drug
What is the half-life of a drug? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔How long it takes for half
the drug to be excreted from the body
Half-life... - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Determines how frequently the drug must be
administered and predicts how long toxic effects can last
What is first-order (linear) pharmacokinetics? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Metabolism
is directly proportional to the free concentration of the drug
What is zero-order (nonlinear) pharmacokinetics? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A drug
is metabolized at a constant rate per unit time
,CYP3A4 substrate drugs may... - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Have decreased activity if
any CYP3A4 inducer drugs are used along with it.
What are the steps of the drug development process (per the FDA)? - 🧠
ANSWER ✔✔Discovery, preclinical research (animals), Phase I, Phase II,
Phase III, FDA review, postmarking study (Phase IV)
Discovery - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Laboratory research to develop a new drug
Phase I - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Clinical research on health human subjects to
assess medication pharmacokinetics
Phase II - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Clinical research in humans primarily for
medication safety, usually in a population for which the treatment is
intended
Phase III - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Clinical research in humans comparing the new
drug to accepted medications of placebo for efficacy and safety
Phase IV - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Postmarketing study to identify adverse effects
not found in earlier clinical studies
Medication safety organizations include... - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔FDA (Safe Use
Initiative), Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP), JCAHO, IOM,
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
, National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and
Prevention (NCC MERP)
What are the two types of adverse drug reactions (ADRs)? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Pharmacological and idiosyncratic
What percent of ADRs are pharmacological? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔85% to 90%
What comprises ADRs? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔- Medication errors
- Adverse drug effects
- Allergic and idiosyncratic type reactions
ADRs are... - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Usually preventable and frequently occur in a
hospital or nursing home setting
Are ADRs commonly reported? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔No--the FDA dose not
mandate that they are reported
What is polypharmacy? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔- Using multiple HCPs for care
- Using multiple medications
- Using several pharmacies for prescription filling
Exam Questions and Correct Answers |
New Update
Pharmacokinetics involves... - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔ADME - absorption,
distribution, metabolism, elimination
Absorption - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Absorption from the administration site either
directly or indirectly into the blood/plasma.
Distribution - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Reversibly or irreversibly moves from the
bloodstream into the interstitial and intracellular fluid.
Metabolism - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Bio-transformed via hepatic metabolism or by
other tissues.
Elimination - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The drug and its metabolites are eliminated
from the body.
,Which route of administration has the highest bioavailability? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Intravenous - putting the entire dose into a patient's vein and bypassing
absorption.
Intravenous route avoids... - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔First-pass metabolism in the
liver.
Rectal administration has what kind of absorption? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Variable and erratic
When is steady state (SS) of a drug typically reached? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔4-
5 half-lives of a drug
What is the half-life of a drug? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔How long it takes for half
the drug to be excreted from the body
Half-life... - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Determines how frequently the drug must be
administered and predicts how long toxic effects can last
What is first-order (linear) pharmacokinetics? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Metabolism
is directly proportional to the free concentration of the drug
What is zero-order (nonlinear) pharmacokinetics? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A drug
is metabolized at a constant rate per unit time
,CYP3A4 substrate drugs may... - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Have decreased activity if
any CYP3A4 inducer drugs are used along with it.
What are the steps of the drug development process (per the FDA)? - 🧠
ANSWER ✔✔Discovery, preclinical research (animals), Phase I, Phase II,
Phase III, FDA review, postmarking study (Phase IV)
Discovery - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Laboratory research to develop a new drug
Phase I - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Clinical research on health human subjects to
assess medication pharmacokinetics
Phase II - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Clinical research in humans primarily for
medication safety, usually in a population for which the treatment is
intended
Phase III - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Clinical research in humans comparing the new
drug to accepted medications of placebo for efficacy and safety
Phase IV - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Postmarketing study to identify adverse effects
not found in earlier clinical studies
Medication safety organizations include... - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔FDA (Safe Use
Initiative), Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP), JCAHO, IOM,
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
, National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and
Prevention (NCC MERP)
What are the two types of adverse drug reactions (ADRs)? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Pharmacological and idiosyncratic
What percent of ADRs are pharmacological? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔85% to 90%
What comprises ADRs? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔- Medication errors
- Adverse drug effects
- Allergic and idiosyncratic type reactions
ADRs are... - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Usually preventable and frequently occur in a
hospital or nursing home setting
Are ADRs commonly reported? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔No--the FDA dose not
mandate that they are reported
What is polypharmacy? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔- Using multiple HCPs for care
- Using multiple medications
- Using several pharmacies for prescription filling
