Module 7 BIOCHEM 2EE3: Carbohydrate Metabolism
With Correct Answers 2025
By what is fructose biphosphatase inhibited by? and what does it regulate? - correct answers
High AMP concentrations and fructose-2,6-biphosphate, it regulates Flux through
gluconeogenesis.
By what is Phosphofructokinase allosterically up-regulated by? - correct answers fructose-2,6-
bisphosphate
Complete the net equation:
2 pyruvate + 4 ATP + 2 GTP + 2 NADH -> ___ + ___ + ___ + ___ - correct answers glucose + x4
ADP + x2 GDP + x6 Pi + x2 NAD+
Complete the NET equation:
Carbon-6-glucose -> ___ + ___ + ___ - correct answers x2 three-carbon pyruvate, x2 ATP and x2
NADH.
From where are glucose residues sequentially removed from during glycogen degradation to
provide a rapid surge of glucose release when the body needs it? - correct answers Several non-
reducing ends.
How are glycogen phosphorylase and synthase regulated allosterically? - correct answers
glycogen phosphorylase- high AMP concentrations
, glycogen synthase- high glucose-6-phosphate concentrations.
How are glycogen phosphorylase and synthase regulated covalently? - correct answers glycogen
phosphorylase- phosphorylation by kinase activates it. dephosphorylating by phosphatase
inactivates it.
glycogen synthase- phosphorylation by kinase inactivates it. dephosphorylating by phosphatase
activates it.
How are steps 1, 3 and 10 by-passed in gluconeogenesis? - correct answers by glucose-6-
phosphatase, fructose biphosphatase, PEP carboxykinase and pyruvate carboxylase.
How can gluconeogenesis occur regardless of the large changes in free energy? - correct
answers The three non-equilibrium steps are by passed in gluconeogenesis.
How is phosphorylation and dephosphorylating controlled? - correct answers Hormonal signals
such as insulin (dephosphorylating by phosphatase) and glucagon & epinephrine
(phosphorylation by kinase)
How many reactions are in glycolysis and what is converted to what? - correct answers 10
reactions and glucose to pyruvate.
How many reducing ends and non reducing ends does glycogen have? - correct answers a single
reducing end and several non reducing end
If high concentrations of AMP... - correct answers Low cell energy status (Low ATP)
If high concentrations of ATP... - correct answers demand is met and glycogen phosphorylase is
inhibited.
With Correct Answers 2025
By what is fructose biphosphatase inhibited by? and what does it regulate? - correct answers
High AMP concentrations and fructose-2,6-biphosphate, it regulates Flux through
gluconeogenesis.
By what is Phosphofructokinase allosterically up-regulated by? - correct answers fructose-2,6-
bisphosphate
Complete the net equation:
2 pyruvate + 4 ATP + 2 GTP + 2 NADH -> ___ + ___ + ___ + ___ - correct answers glucose + x4
ADP + x2 GDP + x6 Pi + x2 NAD+
Complete the NET equation:
Carbon-6-glucose -> ___ + ___ + ___ - correct answers x2 three-carbon pyruvate, x2 ATP and x2
NADH.
From where are glucose residues sequentially removed from during glycogen degradation to
provide a rapid surge of glucose release when the body needs it? - correct answers Several non-
reducing ends.
How are glycogen phosphorylase and synthase regulated allosterically? - correct answers
glycogen phosphorylase- high AMP concentrations
, glycogen synthase- high glucose-6-phosphate concentrations.
How are glycogen phosphorylase and synthase regulated covalently? - correct answers glycogen
phosphorylase- phosphorylation by kinase activates it. dephosphorylating by phosphatase
inactivates it.
glycogen synthase- phosphorylation by kinase inactivates it. dephosphorylating by phosphatase
activates it.
How are steps 1, 3 and 10 by-passed in gluconeogenesis? - correct answers by glucose-6-
phosphatase, fructose biphosphatase, PEP carboxykinase and pyruvate carboxylase.
How can gluconeogenesis occur regardless of the large changes in free energy? - correct
answers The three non-equilibrium steps are by passed in gluconeogenesis.
How is phosphorylation and dephosphorylating controlled? - correct answers Hormonal signals
such as insulin (dephosphorylating by phosphatase) and glucagon & epinephrine
(phosphorylation by kinase)
How many reactions are in glycolysis and what is converted to what? - correct answers 10
reactions and glucose to pyruvate.
How many reducing ends and non reducing ends does glycogen have? - correct answers a single
reducing end and several non reducing end
If high concentrations of AMP... - correct answers Low cell energy status (Low ATP)
If high concentrations of ATP... - correct answers demand is met and glycogen phosphorylase is
inhibited.
