NURS 2063 Chapter 7 Questions with
Answers
Cancer - ✔✔A disease whereby there is uncontrollable growth of cells that can spread.
Initiation-Promotion-Progression Theory - ✔✔A model describing the stages of cancer
development: Initiation (exposure to carcinogenic agent), Promotion (activation of oncogenes),
and Progression (independent growth).
Mutator genes - ✔✔Repair DNA and protect the genome.
Oncogenes - ✔✔Code for proteins involved in cell growth or regulation.
Tumor suppressor genes - ✔✔Prohibit overproliferation of cells and regulate apoptosis.
Gene variants - ✔✔Inherited differences in genes that are not mutations but can affect cell
growth and division.
Epigenetic changes - ✔✔Changes that turn genes on or off.
Carcinogens - ✔✔Substances that can lead to cancer, including radiation, hormones, chemicals,
tobacco, and microbes.
Benign tumors - ✔✔Remain localized and closely resemble the tissue of origin.
Malignant tumors - ✔✔Are invasive and destructive, proliferate rapidly, and spread to other
sites (metastasize).
Answers
Cancer - ✔✔A disease whereby there is uncontrollable growth of cells that can spread.
Initiation-Promotion-Progression Theory - ✔✔A model describing the stages of cancer
development: Initiation (exposure to carcinogenic agent), Promotion (activation of oncogenes),
and Progression (independent growth).
Mutator genes - ✔✔Repair DNA and protect the genome.
Oncogenes - ✔✔Code for proteins involved in cell growth or regulation.
Tumor suppressor genes - ✔✔Prohibit overproliferation of cells and regulate apoptosis.
Gene variants - ✔✔Inherited differences in genes that are not mutations but can affect cell
growth and division.
Epigenetic changes - ✔✔Changes that turn genes on or off.
Carcinogens - ✔✔Substances that can lead to cancer, including radiation, hormones, chemicals,
tobacco, and microbes.
Benign tumors - ✔✔Remain localized and closely resemble the tissue of origin.
Malignant tumors - ✔✔Are invasive and destructive, proliferate rapidly, and spread to other
sites (metastasize).
