Red blood cell production is stimulated by:
1. Tachycardia
2. Tachypnea
3. Renin angiotensin
4. Hypoxia - CORRECT ANSWER -Hypoxia
4 Main components of blood composition - CORRECT ANSWER -RBC, WBC, platelets, plasma
What is the composition of plasma - CORRECT ANSWER -90% H2O
10% solutes - glucose, protein, albumin, hormones, etc
Where is bone marrow aspiration in infants? - CORRECT ANSWER -Tibia
Where is bone marrow aspiration in toddlers and preschoolers? - CORRECT ANSWER -femur and tibia
Where is bone marrow aspiration in children over 5? - CORRECT ANSWER -pelvis (iliac crest)
Where is bone marrow production in young adults/adults? - CORRECT ANSWER -ribs, sternum, vertebra,
pelvis, skull, clavicle, scapula
what is anemia - CORRECT ANSWER -a condition in which levels of red blood cells and hemoglobin are
lower than normal
4 types of anemia - CORRECT ANSWER -Iron deficiency
,lead poisoning
sickle cell
B-thalassemia
Define iron deficiency anemia - CORRECT ANSWER -reduction in the iron stores of the body causing an
inadequate production of hemoglobin
What is iron needed for? - CORRECT ANSWER -to make hgb
signs and symptoms of iron deficiency anemia - CORRECT ANSWER -pallor
tachycardia
tachypnea
lethargy
fatigue
irritability
Why are neonates at risk for iron deficiency anemia? - CORRECT ANSWER --lack the maternal iron stores
-Full term infants have maternal iron stores until approximately 6 months of age
-Havent had the time in utero to store up the needed iron supply (preterm)
How can you treat a neonate with iron deficiency anemia? - CORRECT ANSWER -Iron fortified formula
What are risk factors for iron deficiency anemia in infants and children? - CORRECT ANSWER -
1.inadequate iron intake
2.Malabsorption of iron in GI tract
3.Chronic blood loss
Food with good sources of iron - CORRECT ANSWER -red meat, egg yolk, leafy greens, dried fruits,
fortified cereals/formulas, beef, chicken, fish, beans, nuts, seeds, peanut butter, eggs, prunes, whole
grain bread
,How is iron deficiency anemia diagnosed? - CORRECT ANSWER -Serum lab evaluation:
-Red blood cell count = microcytic (small) and hypo chronic (pale in color)
-low hemoglobin
-low hematocrit
-low reticulocyte count
-low serum iron concentration
-high total iron binding capacity
What is the goal of treatment for iron deficiency anemia - CORRECT ANSWER -treat medical problem
causing malabsorption or blood loss/ identify cause
What is the treatment method for iron deficiency anemia? - CORRECT ANSWER -Increase iron take
~ Dietary sources
~Medication supplement (ferrosol or ferrous sulfate)
What should nurses and parents know about administering iron to children? - CORRECT ANSWER --
Administer to back of mouth because it stains teeth, can cause constipation, and black/green stool
-Give with orange juice or citric acid to help with absorption
-Do not give with milk or antacids
-Give on empty stomach unless GI distress
Lead Poisoning Risks - CORRECT ANSWER --Children under the age of 6
-Children living at or below the poverty line who live in older (prior to 1978) housing
-Children adopted from other countries where there are less strict environmental regulations
Environmental causes of lead poisoning - CORRECT ANSWER --Lead based paint
-Plumbing from lead pipes
-soil
, Dietary factors of lead poisoning - CORRECT ANSWER --iron deficiency
-calcium deficiency
Patient-child interactions - CORRECT ANSWER --Job or hobby exposure
-home remedies or cultural practices
How does lead poisoning cause anemia - CORRECT ANSWER -lead can replace iron on Hgb causing O2 to
not be delivered causing anemia
Clinical manifestation of lead poisoning - CORRECT ANSWER --Asymptomatic
-Signs of anemia
-Growth and developmental lags
-Behavioral changes
-Neurologic changes
-Gastrointestinal changes
can someone be asymptomatic if they have lead poisoning - CORRECT ANSWER -yes
signs of anemia (lead poisoning) - CORRECT ANSWER -pallor, fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath,
headache, tachycardia - because lead replaces iron in Hgb causing anemia
Growth and developmental lags in lead poisoning - CORRECT ANSWER -learning difficulties
Neurologic signs and symptoms of lead poisoning - CORRECT ANSWER --Headache, irritability, difficulty
concentrating, loss of motor skills, paralysis, tremors
High levels: encephalopathy, seizures, and brain damage
1. Tachycardia
2. Tachypnea
3. Renin angiotensin
4. Hypoxia - CORRECT ANSWER -Hypoxia
4 Main components of blood composition - CORRECT ANSWER -RBC, WBC, platelets, plasma
What is the composition of plasma - CORRECT ANSWER -90% H2O
10% solutes - glucose, protein, albumin, hormones, etc
Where is bone marrow aspiration in infants? - CORRECT ANSWER -Tibia
Where is bone marrow aspiration in toddlers and preschoolers? - CORRECT ANSWER -femur and tibia
Where is bone marrow aspiration in children over 5? - CORRECT ANSWER -pelvis (iliac crest)
Where is bone marrow production in young adults/adults? - CORRECT ANSWER -ribs, sternum, vertebra,
pelvis, skull, clavicle, scapula
what is anemia - CORRECT ANSWER -a condition in which levels of red blood cells and hemoglobin are
lower than normal
4 types of anemia - CORRECT ANSWER -Iron deficiency
,lead poisoning
sickle cell
B-thalassemia
Define iron deficiency anemia - CORRECT ANSWER -reduction in the iron stores of the body causing an
inadequate production of hemoglobin
What is iron needed for? - CORRECT ANSWER -to make hgb
signs and symptoms of iron deficiency anemia - CORRECT ANSWER -pallor
tachycardia
tachypnea
lethargy
fatigue
irritability
Why are neonates at risk for iron deficiency anemia? - CORRECT ANSWER --lack the maternal iron stores
-Full term infants have maternal iron stores until approximately 6 months of age
-Havent had the time in utero to store up the needed iron supply (preterm)
How can you treat a neonate with iron deficiency anemia? - CORRECT ANSWER -Iron fortified formula
What are risk factors for iron deficiency anemia in infants and children? - CORRECT ANSWER -
1.inadequate iron intake
2.Malabsorption of iron in GI tract
3.Chronic blood loss
Food with good sources of iron - CORRECT ANSWER -red meat, egg yolk, leafy greens, dried fruits,
fortified cereals/formulas, beef, chicken, fish, beans, nuts, seeds, peanut butter, eggs, prunes, whole
grain bread
,How is iron deficiency anemia diagnosed? - CORRECT ANSWER -Serum lab evaluation:
-Red blood cell count = microcytic (small) and hypo chronic (pale in color)
-low hemoglobin
-low hematocrit
-low reticulocyte count
-low serum iron concentration
-high total iron binding capacity
What is the goal of treatment for iron deficiency anemia - CORRECT ANSWER -treat medical problem
causing malabsorption or blood loss/ identify cause
What is the treatment method for iron deficiency anemia? - CORRECT ANSWER -Increase iron take
~ Dietary sources
~Medication supplement (ferrosol or ferrous sulfate)
What should nurses and parents know about administering iron to children? - CORRECT ANSWER --
Administer to back of mouth because it stains teeth, can cause constipation, and black/green stool
-Give with orange juice or citric acid to help with absorption
-Do not give with milk or antacids
-Give on empty stomach unless GI distress
Lead Poisoning Risks - CORRECT ANSWER --Children under the age of 6
-Children living at or below the poverty line who live in older (prior to 1978) housing
-Children adopted from other countries where there are less strict environmental regulations
Environmental causes of lead poisoning - CORRECT ANSWER --Lead based paint
-Plumbing from lead pipes
-soil
, Dietary factors of lead poisoning - CORRECT ANSWER --iron deficiency
-calcium deficiency
Patient-child interactions - CORRECT ANSWER --Job or hobby exposure
-home remedies or cultural practices
How does lead poisoning cause anemia - CORRECT ANSWER -lead can replace iron on Hgb causing O2 to
not be delivered causing anemia
Clinical manifestation of lead poisoning - CORRECT ANSWER --Asymptomatic
-Signs of anemia
-Growth and developmental lags
-Behavioral changes
-Neurologic changes
-Gastrointestinal changes
can someone be asymptomatic if they have lead poisoning - CORRECT ANSWER -yes
signs of anemia (lead poisoning) - CORRECT ANSWER -pallor, fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath,
headache, tachycardia - because lead replaces iron in Hgb causing anemia
Growth and developmental lags in lead poisoning - CORRECT ANSWER -learning difficulties
Neurologic signs and symptoms of lead poisoning - CORRECT ANSWER --Headache, irritability, difficulty
concentrating, loss of motor skills, paralysis, tremors
High levels: encephalopathy, seizures, and brain damage
