PUP 3002 Exam 1 Review Questions
with Complete Answers
Federalism - ANSWER-System of shared powers in which the state governments
shifted some of their original powers to the national government and in which local
governments receive charters from the state
Everyone in the democracy has different interests, opinions, and wants for what and
how their country should be made up - ANSWER-The reason a democracy makes
policymaking difficult...
Policy Making Process - ANSWER-A heuristic demonstrating the pathways by which
policies are identified, proposed, evaluated, implemented, and terminated; proposed
by Harold Laswell
7 Stages of the Policy Making Process - ANSWER-1. Problem and Solution
Identification
2. Agenda Setting
3. Policy Formation
4. Alternative Formulation
5. Policy Selection and Adoption
6. Policy Implementation
7. Policy Evaluation
Stakeholders - ANSWER-Those who are identified by a policy problem
Policy Demands - ANSWER-The demands exerted by stakeholders on the political
actors
Credible Action - ANSWER-The mechanism by which demands pressure leaders
The Policy Entrepreneur - ANSWER-Willing to exert time and effort, has a stake in
the solution, and ability to link their preferred solution to the 'problem' of others
Agenda Setting - ANSWER-The process by which formal institutional centers of
power will take up and potentially act on a policy solution
Preferences of formal actors, Actors external to formal institutions,
External Shocks - ANSWER-3 Factors that shape agenda setting
Lower level bureaucrats - ANSWER-Example of Low Salience & Low Complexity
"Street level politics"
, Elites, Subsets of Legislative Committees, Businesses - ANSWER-Example of Low
Salience & High Complexity "Board Room Politics"
Elected Officials, The Public - ANSWER-Example of High Salience & Low
Complexity "Hearing Room Politics"
Policy Experts, Advocacy Groups - ANSWER-Example of High Salience & High
Complexity "Operating Room Politics"
Alternative Formulation - ANSWER-Policy solutions drawn from a set of competing
alternatives
Policy Selection - ANSWER-Policy actors make a policy decision
Cost Benefit Analysis - ANSWER-Determines which policy provides the greatest
benefits for the given costs
The Bureaucracy; non-elected government officials - ANSWER-Policy
implementation relies on...
Policy Evaluation - ANSWER-The systematic investigation of the effects of a policy
on its intended social target, once enacted
Model of Public Policy - ANSWER-A simplified representation of the causal
relationships that link any number of policy inputs with a policy output of interest
Causal Relationship - ANSWER-Relationship between an input variable, where an
outcome variable has changed due to an exposure to an input variable
X Variable - ANSWER-input/independent variable
Y Variable - ANSWER-output/dependent variable
Necessary Condition, Sufficient Condition, Necessary and Sufficient Condition -
ANSWER-3 Fundamental Types of Causal Relationships
Necessary Condition - ANSWER-One that is necessary for something else to occur
Sufficient Condition - ANSWER-One in the presence of which something else will
always occur
Necessary and Sufficient Condition - ANSWER-The event will not occur and in
whose presence the event must occur
Deterministic - ANSWER-If X, then always Y
Probabilistic - ANSWER-If X, then likely Y
with Complete Answers
Federalism - ANSWER-System of shared powers in which the state governments
shifted some of their original powers to the national government and in which local
governments receive charters from the state
Everyone in the democracy has different interests, opinions, and wants for what and
how their country should be made up - ANSWER-The reason a democracy makes
policymaking difficult...
Policy Making Process - ANSWER-A heuristic demonstrating the pathways by which
policies are identified, proposed, evaluated, implemented, and terminated; proposed
by Harold Laswell
7 Stages of the Policy Making Process - ANSWER-1. Problem and Solution
Identification
2. Agenda Setting
3. Policy Formation
4. Alternative Formulation
5. Policy Selection and Adoption
6. Policy Implementation
7. Policy Evaluation
Stakeholders - ANSWER-Those who are identified by a policy problem
Policy Demands - ANSWER-The demands exerted by stakeholders on the political
actors
Credible Action - ANSWER-The mechanism by which demands pressure leaders
The Policy Entrepreneur - ANSWER-Willing to exert time and effort, has a stake in
the solution, and ability to link their preferred solution to the 'problem' of others
Agenda Setting - ANSWER-The process by which formal institutional centers of
power will take up and potentially act on a policy solution
Preferences of formal actors, Actors external to formal institutions,
External Shocks - ANSWER-3 Factors that shape agenda setting
Lower level bureaucrats - ANSWER-Example of Low Salience & Low Complexity
"Street level politics"
, Elites, Subsets of Legislative Committees, Businesses - ANSWER-Example of Low
Salience & High Complexity "Board Room Politics"
Elected Officials, The Public - ANSWER-Example of High Salience & Low
Complexity "Hearing Room Politics"
Policy Experts, Advocacy Groups - ANSWER-Example of High Salience & High
Complexity "Operating Room Politics"
Alternative Formulation - ANSWER-Policy solutions drawn from a set of competing
alternatives
Policy Selection - ANSWER-Policy actors make a policy decision
Cost Benefit Analysis - ANSWER-Determines which policy provides the greatest
benefits for the given costs
The Bureaucracy; non-elected government officials - ANSWER-Policy
implementation relies on...
Policy Evaluation - ANSWER-The systematic investigation of the effects of a policy
on its intended social target, once enacted
Model of Public Policy - ANSWER-A simplified representation of the causal
relationships that link any number of policy inputs with a policy output of interest
Causal Relationship - ANSWER-Relationship between an input variable, where an
outcome variable has changed due to an exposure to an input variable
X Variable - ANSWER-input/independent variable
Y Variable - ANSWER-output/dependent variable
Necessary Condition, Sufficient Condition, Necessary and Sufficient Condition -
ANSWER-3 Fundamental Types of Causal Relationships
Necessary Condition - ANSWER-One that is necessary for something else to occur
Sufficient Condition - ANSWER-One in the presence of which something else will
always occur
Necessary and Sufficient Condition - ANSWER-The event will not occur and in
whose presence the event must occur
Deterministic - ANSWER-If X, then always Y
Probabilistic - ANSWER-If X, then likely Y
