WGU D236 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY REAL EXAM | QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS | VERIFIED ANSWERS 100% | LATEST EXAM UPDATE
Homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER - process by which organisms maintain a
relatively stable internal environment
Intracellular Fluid - CORRECT ANSWER - fluid inside of the cell, 2/3 of
body weight
- mainly in muscle cells
Extracellular Fluid - CORRECT ANSWER - fluid outside of the cell, 1/3 of
bodily fluids
- blood vessels
- skin tissues
- spinal cord
Diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER - Movement of molecules from an area of
higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Osmosis - CORRECT ANSWER - movement of fluid from an area of lower
solute concentration to a higher concentration
Filtration - CORRECT ANSWER - water and solute movement occurs from an
area of high hydrostatic pressure to an area of low hydrostatic pressure
Osmolality - CORRECT ANSWER - the number of osmotically active
particles per kg of water
Hypertonic - CORRECT ANSWER - osmolality greater than 300.
,Hypotonic - CORRECT ANSWER - osmolality less than 300.
- osmotic pressure is more significant in the body
- fluids pulled from body into cell
An isotonic solution - CORRECT ANSWER - 0.09% normal saline
Interferons (IFNs) - CORRECT ANSWER - type of cytokine that signals cells
to increase anti-viral defenses.
- are released by cells that are infected with a virus, causing other cells to
become resistant to the virus
- play a role in tumor suppression
Hypervolemia - CORRECT ANSWER - fluid volume overload
Edema - CORRECT ANSWER - swelling of soft tissues because of excess
fluid accumulation
Causes of edema include: - CORRECT ANSWER - -Increased hydrostatic
(water) pressure
- Manifestation: High BP and pitting edema
- Renal Failure, Heart Failure
- Decreased colloid osmotic pressure
- low albumin
- cirrhosis, starvation
- bacteria infections/burns
- obstruction of lymphatic system (cancer or infection)
Symptoms of edema include: - CORRECT ANSWER - - weight gain
,- hypertension
- jugular vein distention
- ALOC (altered level of consciousness)
- weakness
- increased urine output / or decreased in patients with renal failure
- Rapid RR (resp rate)
- shallow RR
- fluid in lungs
- diarrhea, hepatomegaly (enlarged liver), ascites
- low lab values
Hypovolemia - CORRECT ANSWER - fluid volume deficit
Symptoms of hypovolemia include: - CORRECT ANSWER - - vomiting
- diarrhea
- hot body & sweating
- fever
- heat stroke
- thyroid crisis
- urination
diabetes insipidus (DI) - CORRECT ANSWER - insufficient secretion of
antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)
Diabetes Ketoacidosis (DKA) - CORRECT ANSWER - -primary complication
of type 1 diabetes
-the body produces excess ketones into the blood
-also referred to as diabetic acidosis or diabetic coma
, Diuretics - CORRECT ANSWER - medications that reduce fluid volume in
the body
- increase urine output
Name two diuretics - CORRECT ANSWER - furosemide,
Hydrochlorothiazide
Symptoms of 3 D's include: - CORRECT ANSWER - - weight loss
- water loss
- low BP
- decreased CVP (central venous pressure)
- lethargy to coma
- weakness
- sunken eyes
- dry skin
- rapid and deep RR
- high lab values
Fluid Imbalance - CORRECT ANSWER - when fluids are gained and lost via
the organs such as; the kidneys, skin, lungs, and g.i. tract
How are fluids lost in the g.i. tract? - CORRECT ANSWER - diarrhea and
fistulas
How are fluids lost via the kidneys? - CORRECT ANSWER - high urine
output of 1-2 liters per hour
ANSWERS | VERIFIED ANSWERS 100% | LATEST EXAM UPDATE
Homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER - process by which organisms maintain a
relatively stable internal environment
Intracellular Fluid - CORRECT ANSWER - fluid inside of the cell, 2/3 of
body weight
- mainly in muscle cells
Extracellular Fluid - CORRECT ANSWER - fluid outside of the cell, 1/3 of
bodily fluids
- blood vessels
- skin tissues
- spinal cord
Diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER - Movement of molecules from an area of
higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Osmosis - CORRECT ANSWER - movement of fluid from an area of lower
solute concentration to a higher concentration
Filtration - CORRECT ANSWER - water and solute movement occurs from an
area of high hydrostatic pressure to an area of low hydrostatic pressure
Osmolality - CORRECT ANSWER - the number of osmotically active
particles per kg of water
Hypertonic - CORRECT ANSWER - osmolality greater than 300.
,Hypotonic - CORRECT ANSWER - osmolality less than 300.
- osmotic pressure is more significant in the body
- fluids pulled from body into cell
An isotonic solution - CORRECT ANSWER - 0.09% normal saline
Interferons (IFNs) - CORRECT ANSWER - type of cytokine that signals cells
to increase anti-viral defenses.
- are released by cells that are infected with a virus, causing other cells to
become resistant to the virus
- play a role in tumor suppression
Hypervolemia - CORRECT ANSWER - fluid volume overload
Edema - CORRECT ANSWER - swelling of soft tissues because of excess
fluid accumulation
Causes of edema include: - CORRECT ANSWER - -Increased hydrostatic
(water) pressure
- Manifestation: High BP and pitting edema
- Renal Failure, Heart Failure
- Decreased colloid osmotic pressure
- low albumin
- cirrhosis, starvation
- bacteria infections/burns
- obstruction of lymphatic system (cancer or infection)
Symptoms of edema include: - CORRECT ANSWER - - weight gain
,- hypertension
- jugular vein distention
- ALOC (altered level of consciousness)
- weakness
- increased urine output / or decreased in patients with renal failure
- Rapid RR (resp rate)
- shallow RR
- fluid in lungs
- diarrhea, hepatomegaly (enlarged liver), ascites
- low lab values
Hypovolemia - CORRECT ANSWER - fluid volume deficit
Symptoms of hypovolemia include: - CORRECT ANSWER - - vomiting
- diarrhea
- hot body & sweating
- fever
- heat stroke
- thyroid crisis
- urination
diabetes insipidus (DI) - CORRECT ANSWER - insufficient secretion of
antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)
Diabetes Ketoacidosis (DKA) - CORRECT ANSWER - -primary complication
of type 1 diabetes
-the body produces excess ketones into the blood
-also referred to as diabetic acidosis or diabetic coma
, Diuretics - CORRECT ANSWER - medications that reduce fluid volume in
the body
- increase urine output
Name two diuretics - CORRECT ANSWER - furosemide,
Hydrochlorothiazide
Symptoms of 3 D's include: - CORRECT ANSWER - - weight loss
- water loss
- low BP
- decreased CVP (central venous pressure)
- lethargy to coma
- weakness
- sunken eyes
- dry skin
- rapid and deep RR
- high lab values
Fluid Imbalance - CORRECT ANSWER - when fluids are gained and lost via
the organs such as; the kidneys, skin, lungs, and g.i. tract
How are fluids lost in the g.i. tract? - CORRECT ANSWER - diarrhea and
fistulas
How are fluids lost via the kidneys? - CORRECT ANSWER - high urine
output of 1-2 liters per hour
