FSU PUP 3002 Exam 1 Questions and
Answers
policy entrepreneurs - ANSWER-an individual who advocates, organizes, or
attempts to define a policy problem or solution.
dominant policy image - ANSWER-image most citizens think of when a phrase or
policy is mentioned.
policy window - ANSWER-where political and policy pressures align momentarily to
allow some set of policy problems and solutions to meet. Allows for an opportunity of
actual policy change.
policy demands - ANSWER-pressures placed upon leaders and policymakers that
change the costs of their inaction.
credible action - ANSWER-promised or threatened action that the action's target
believes will be carried out with a high probablity.
agenda setting - ANSWER-process which formal institutional centers of power will
take up and potentially act on a policy solution.
advocacy coalitions - ANSWER-policy subsystems that share policy beliefs and
coordinate their activities to achieve similar policy goals. Try to alter behavior of
government authorities.
technical complexity - ANSWER-level of knowledge required to understand a policy
area.
policy salience - ANSWER-number of citizens likely to be affected by a policy in a
significant way.
policy evaluation - ANSWER-systematic investigation of the effects of a policy on its
intended social target, prior to action.
program evaluation - ANSWER-systematic investigation of effects of a program on
its intended social target once enacted.
policy neutral - ANSWER-the analyst must guard an against injecting their own
beliefs into the analytical process.
model of public policy - ANSWER-simplified representation of causal relationships
that link any number of policy inputs with a policy output or interest.
, policy stages - ANSWER-1. Problem identification
2. Agenda Setting
3. Policy Formulation
4. Alternative Formulation
5. Policy Selection
6. Policy Implementation
7. Policy Evaluation
causal relationship - ANSWER-an outcome variable has changed due to an
exposure to an input variable.
necessary condition - ANSWER-whenever we observe Y, we must also observe X. If
X is a necessary condition.
sufficient condition - ANSWER-cause some outcome Y, then if we observe presence
of X we must observe Y. If X is a sufficient condition.
conditional causality - ANSWER-when the effect of one variable X on Y is moderated
by the effect of another variable, Z.
deterministic relationship - ANSWER-one that will always produce the same output
from a treatment or initial state. (everytime we have X we have Y.)
probabilistic relationship - ANSWER-will produce an output from a treatment or initial
state with some probability. (X increases likelihood of Y)
generalizable model - ANSWER-not context specific
Good model: multivariate - ANSWER-multiple causes
good model: probabilistic world - ANSWER-there are a set of factors that are likely to
impact our outputs of interest.
good model: parsimonious - ANSWER-seek to explain much with very few moving
parts.
good model: falsifiability - ANSWER-propose a theory or hypothesis or arguments in
support of the hypothesis, while generally confirming, would never be sufficient to
suggest our theory is valid.
null hypothesis - ANSWER-predicts no relationship between two variables
Actors - ANSWER-individuals who are central to understanding the potential policy
outcomes of interest.
Rules - ANSWER-formal or informal agreements between actors regarding what
actions are "required, permitted, or prohibited."
theoretical argument - ANSWER-is logically consistent, if not less confident. more
theory based.
Answers
policy entrepreneurs - ANSWER-an individual who advocates, organizes, or
attempts to define a policy problem or solution.
dominant policy image - ANSWER-image most citizens think of when a phrase or
policy is mentioned.
policy window - ANSWER-where political and policy pressures align momentarily to
allow some set of policy problems and solutions to meet. Allows for an opportunity of
actual policy change.
policy demands - ANSWER-pressures placed upon leaders and policymakers that
change the costs of their inaction.
credible action - ANSWER-promised or threatened action that the action's target
believes will be carried out with a high probablity.
agenda setting - ANSWER-process which formal institutional centers of power will
take up and potentially act on a policy solution.
advocacy coalitions - ANSWER-policy subsystems that share policy beliefs and
coordinate their activities to achieve similar policy goals. Try to alter behavior of
government authorities.
technical complexity - ANSWER-level of knowledge required to understand a policy
area.
policy salience - ANSWER-number of citizens likely to be affected by a policy in a
significant way.
policy evaluation - ANSWER-systematic investigation of the effects of a policy on its
intended social target, prior to action.
program evaluation - ANSWER-systematic investigation of effects of a program on
its intended social target once enacted.
policy neutral - ANSWER-the analyst must guard an against injecting their own
beliefs into the analytical process.
model of public policy - ANSWER-simplified representation of causal relationships
that link any number of policy inputs with a policy output or interest.
, policy stages - ANSWER-1. Problem identification
2. Agenda Setting
3. Policy Formulation
4. Alternative Formulation
5. Policy Selection
6. Policy Implementation
7. Policy Evaluation
causal relationship - ANSWER-an outcome variable has changed due to an
exposure to an input variable.
necessary condition - ANSWER-whenever we observe Y, we must also observe X. If
X is a necessary condition.
sufficient condition - ANSWER-cause some outcome Y, then if we observe presence
of X we must observe Y. If X is a sufficient condition.
conditional causality - ANSWER-when the effect of one variable X on Y is moderated
by the effect of another variable, Z.
deterministic relationship - ANSWER-one that will always produce the same output
from a treatment or initial state. (everytime we have X we have Y.)
probabilistic relationship - ANSWER-will produce an output from a treatment or initial
state with some probability. (X increases likelihood of Y)
generalizable model - ANSWER-not context specific
Good model: multivariate - ANSWER-multiple causes
good model: probabilistic world - ANSWER-there are a set of factors that are likely to
impact our outputs of interest.
good model: parsimonious - ANSWER-seek to explain much with very few moving
parts.
good model: falsifiability - ANSWER-propose a theory or hypothesis or arguments in
support of the hypothesis, while generally confirming, would never be sufficient to
suggest our theory is valid.
null hypothesis - ANSWER-predicts no relationship between two variables
Actors - ANSWER-individuals who are central to understanding the potential policy
outcomes of interest.
Rules - ANSWER-formal or informal agreements between actors regarding what
actions are "required, permitted, or prohibited."
theoretical argument - ANSWER-is logically consistent, if not less confident. more
theory based.
