Structure & Function of the Body
16th Edition
• Author(s)Kevin T. Patton; Gary A. Thibodeau
TEST BANK
1
Reference: Ch. 1: Anatomical position & anatomical directions
Question Stem: A nurse documents a wound on a patient’s
anterior lower limb. Which term most precisely describes the
wound location?
A. Posterior distal thigh
B. Anterior proximal leg
C. Anterior distal leg
D. Lateral proximal thigh
Correct Answer: C
,Rationale (correct): "Anterior" refers to the front of the body
and "distal leg" specifies a location farther from the knee
toward the ankle; together they precisely describe a lower-leg
wound on the front.
Rationale (incorrect):
A. Posterior distal thigh — describes the back of the thigh, not
the front lower limb.
B. Anterior proximal leg — proximal indicates closer to the
knee, not distal (closer to ankle).
D. Lateral proximal thigh — lateral and proximal thigh are
different region and surface from anterior lower leg.
Teaching Point: Anterior = front; proximal/distal describe
closeness to trunk.
Citation: Patton & Thibodeau, 2024, Ch. 1: Anatomical position
& directions
2
Reference: Ch. 1: Planes of the body
Question Stem: A patient requires a CT scan to evaluate a
suspected intracranial lesion. Which imaging plane provides
cross-sectional “slice” views from head to foot commonly used
in CT imaging?
A. Sagittal plane
B. Coronal plane
C. Transverse (axial) plane
D. Frontal-oblique plane
,Correct Answer: C
Rationale (correct): The transverse (axial) plane produces
cross-sectional slices perpendicular to the long axis (head-to-
foot), which is the standard for CT imaging.
Rationale (incorrect):
A. Sagittal plane — divides left and right, not the typical cross-
sectional CT slices.
B. Coronal plane — divides anterior/posterior; used in some
imaging but not the standard axial slices.
D. Frontal-oblique plane — not a standard anatomical plane
for routine CT interpretation.
Teaching Point: Transverse (axial) plane yields cross-sectional
imaging slices.
Citation: Patton & Thibodeau, 2024, Ch. 1: Planes of the body
3
Reference: Ch. 1: Levels of organization
Question Stem: A newly hired nurse is reviewing how tissue
damage at the cellular level can impair organ function. Which
sequence correctly lists levels from simplest to most complex?
A. Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ system → Organism
B. Tissue → Cell → Organ → Organ system → Organism
C. Organ → Tissue → Cell → Organ system → Organism
D. Cell → Organ → Tissue → Organ system → Organism
Correct Answer: A
Rationale (correct): The standard biological hierarchy proceeds
, from cell (basic unit) → tissues (groups of similar cells) →
organs → organ systems → organism.
Rationale (incorrect):
B. Tissue → Cell — reverses the correct order.
C. Organ → Tissue → Cell — incorrect descending order.
D. Cell → Organ → Tissue — organ cannot precede tissue in
the hierarchy.
Teaching Point: Biological organization builds from cells up to
the whole organism.
Citation: Patton & Thibodeau, 2024, Ch. 1: Levels of
organization
4
Reference: Ch. 1: Body cavities & membranes
Question Stem: A patient with ascending bacterial peritonitis
develops shallow breathing and referred right shoulder pain.
Which anatomical relationship best explains the shoulder
pain?
A. Peritoneal inflammation irritates the right phrenic nerve via
diaphragmatic pleura contact.
B. Infection in the peritoneum refers pain directly through
thoracic spinal nerves.
C. Peritonitis causes blood-borne toxins that stimulate
shoulder muscles.
D. Ascending infection compresses the brachial plexus causing
shoulder pain.
16th Edition
• Author(s)Kevin T. Patton; Gary A. Thibodeau
TEST BANK
1
Reference: Ch. 1: Anatomical position & anatomical directions
Question Stem: A nurse documents a wound on a patient’s
anterior lower limb. Which term most precisely describes the
wound location?
A. Posterior distal thigh
B. Anterior proximal leg
C. Anterior distal leg
D. Lateral proximal thigh
Correct Answer: C
,Rationale (correct): "Anterior" refers to the front of the body
and "distal leg" specifies a location farther from the knee
toward the ankle; together they precisely describe a lower-leg
wound on the front.
Rationale (incorrect):
A. Posterior distal thigh — describes the back of the thigh, not
the front lower limb.
B. Anterior proximal leg — proximal indicates closer to the
knee, not distal (closer to ankle).
D. Lateral proximal thigh — lateral and proximal thigh are
different region and surface from anterior lower leg.
Teaching Point: Anterior = front; proximal/distal describe
closeness to trunk.
Citation: Patton & Thibodeau, 2024, Ch. 1: Anatomical position
& directions
2
Reference: Ch. 1: Planes of the body
Question Stem: A patient requires a CT scan to evaluate a
suspected intracranial lesion. Which imaging plane provides
cross-sectional “slice” views from head to foot commonly used
in CT imaging?
A. Sagittal plane
B. Coronal plane
C. Transverse (axial) plane
D. Frontal-oblique plane
,Correct Answer: C
Rationale (correct): The transverse (axial) plane produces
cross-sectional slices perpendicular to the long axis (head-to-
foot), which is the standard for CT imaging.
Rationale (incorrect):
A. Sagittal plane — divides left and right, not the typical cross-
sectional CT slices.
B. Coronal plane — divides anterior/posterior; used in some
imaging but not the standard axial slices.
D. Frontal-oblique plane — not a standard anatomical plane
for routine CT interpretation.
Teaching Point: Transverse (axial) plane yields cross-sectional
imaging slices.
Citation: Patton & Thibodeau, 2024, Ch. 1: Planes of the body
3
Reference: Ch. 1: Levels of organization
Question Stem: A newly hired nurse is reviewing how tissue
damage at the cellular level can impair organ function. Which
sequence correctly lists levels from simplest to most complex?
A. Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ system → Organism
B. Tissue → Cell → Organ → Organ system → Organism
C. Organ → Tissue → Cell → Organ system → Organism
D. Cell → Organ → Tissue → Organ system → Organism
Correct Answer: A
Rationale (correct): The standard biological hierarchy proceeds
, from cell (basic unit) → tissues (groups of similar cells) →
organs → organ systems → organism.
Rationale (incorrect):
B. Tissue → Cell — reverses the correct order.
C. Organ → Tissue → Cell — incorrect descending order.
D. Cell → Organ → Tissue — organ cannot precede tissue in
the hierarchy.
Teaching Point: Biological organization builds from cells up to
the whole organism.
Citation: Patton & Thibodeau, 2024, Ch. 1: Levels of
organization
4
Reference: Ch. 1: Body cavities & membranes
Question Stem: A patient with ascending bacterial peritonitis
develops shallow breathing and referred right shoulder pain.
Which anatomical relationship best explains the shoulder
pain?
A. Peritoneal inflammation irritates the right phrenic nerve via
diaphragmatic pleura contact.
B. Infection in the peritoneum refers pain directly through
thoracic spinal nerves.
C. Peritonitis causes blood-borne toxins that stimulate
shoulder muscles.
D. Ascending infection compresses the brachial plexus causing
shoulder pain.
