NU 664 EXAM 1 2025-2026 WITH CORRECT
ACCURATE ANSWERS
What vaccines decrease the incidence of mastoiditis and what are the two
most common causes? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Hib and S. pneumoniae are
the 2 common causes Pneumococcal vaccine decreases incidence
Mastoiditis management and treatment - CORRECT ANSWERS- Urgent
ENT referral, hospitalization, abx, myringotomy, tube placement,
mastoidectomy
What is the most common cause of otitis media - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Streptococcus pneumoniae
What groups are at risk for AOM - CORRECT ANSWERS- children younger
than 24 months, recent beta-lactam drugs, exposed to large number of
other children, immune deficiency, smoke exposure in household, bottle
fed
With otitis media with effusion when should a myringotomy or
tympanostomy tubes be considered - CORRECT ANSWERS- children 6
month to 12 years who have had bilateral effusion for a total of 3 months or
longer with documented hearing deficiency or for children with recurrent
AOM who have evidence of middle ear effusion at the time of assessment
for tubes
,Otitis Externa most common organism - CORRECT ANSWERS-
pseudomonas aeruginosa
Acute otitis externa discharge color - CORRECT ANSWERS- scant white
mucous
Chronic otitis externa discharge - CORRECT ANSWERS- bloody
Fungal otitis externa discharge - CORRECT ANSWERS- fluffy, and white to
off-white discharge but may be black, gray, bluish-green, or yellow
Gold standard for CAP diagnosis: - CORRECT ANSWERS- Chest x-ray
Who is at risk for CAP? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Extremes of age, smokers,
alcoholics, GERD, chronic disease, institutionalization
CAP presentation in adults: - CORRECT ANSWERS- Cough (may be
nonproductive), dyspnea, fever, hemoptysis, chest pain, fatigue, tachycardia
If CAP symptoms present but no obvious signs of infection on CXR
treatment is... - CORRECT ANSWERS- Same as if CXR was positive
, Retinoblastoma - CORRECT ANSWERS- Tumor arising from a developing
retinal cell
Leukocoria - CORRECT ANSWERS- abnormal appearance of a white film in
the pupil
Management/treatment of retinoblastoma - CORRECT ANSWERS- Curable
if diagnosed early Urgent referral to pediatric ophthalmologist; eval within
72 hours Chemo, radiation, laser therapy and/or surgical removal Genetic
counseling
Hordeolum - CORRECT ANSWERS- Infection of meibomian glands
(internal) or glands of Zeis or Moll (external or stye) of eyelid
Treatment of hordeolum - CORRECT ANSWERS- Warm compress May use
topical anti-infective ointment (erythromycin or bacitracin/polymyxin B)
Refer if mass fails to disappear after several weeks
Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) - CORRECT ANSWERS- Involves
abnormal growth of retinal vessels in incompletely vascularized retinas of
premature infant
Ocular misalignment after age 4 months - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Considered suspicious Child should be referred
Periorbital cellulitis - CORRECT ANSWERS- Inflammation and infection of
eyelids and periorbital tissue Treatment: If concerned for MRSA use
monotherapy of clindamycin or combo with oral trimethoprim-
ACCURATE ANSWERS
What vaccines decrease the incidence of mastoiditis and what are the two
most common causes? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Hib and S. pneumoniae are
the 2 common causes Pneumococcal vaccine decreases incidence
Mastoiditis management and treatment - CORRECT ANSWERS- Urgent
ENT referral, hospitalization, abx, myringotomy, tube placement,
mastoidectomy
What is the most common cause of otitis media - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Streptococcus pneumoniae
What groups are at risk for AOM - CORRECT ANSWERS- children younger
than 24 months, recent beta-lactam drugs, exposed to large number of
other children, immune deficiency, smoke exposure in household, bottle
fed
With otitis media with effusion when should a myringotomy or
tympanostomy tubes be considered - CORRECT ANSWERS- children 6
month to 12 years who have had bilateral effusion for a total of 3 months or
longer with documented hearing deficiency or for children with recurrent
AOM who have evidence of middle ear effusion at the time of assessment
for tubes
,Otitis Externa most common organism - CORRECT ANSWERS-
pseudomonas aeruginosa
Acute otitis externa discharge color - CORRECT ANSWERS- scant white
mucous
Chronic otitis externa discharge - CORRECT ANSWERS- bloody
Fungal otitis externa discharge - CORRECT ANSWERS- fluffy, and white to
off-white discharge but may be black, gray, bluish-green, or yellow
Gold standard for CAP diagnosis: - CORRECT ANSWERS- Chest x-ray
Who is at risk for CAP? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Extremes of age, smokers,
alcoholics, GERD, chronic disease, institutionalization
CAP presentation in adults: - CORRECT ANSWERS- Cough (may be
nonproductive), dyspnea, fever, hemoptysis, chest pain, fatigue, tachycardia
If CAP symptoms present but no obvious signs of infection on CXR
treatment is... - CORRECT ANSWERS- Same as if CXR was positive
, Retinoblastoma - CORRECT ANSWERS- Tumor arising from a developing
retinal cell
Leukocoria - CORRECT ANSWERS- abnormal appearance of a white film in
the pupil
Management/treatment of retinoblastoma - CORRECT ANSWERS- Curable
if diagnosed early Urgent referral to pediatric ophthalmologist; eval within
72 hours Chemo, radiation, laser therapy and/or surgical removal Genetic
counseling
Hordeolum - CORRECT ANSWERS- Infection of meibomian glands
(internal) or glands of Zeis or Moll (external or stye) of eyelid
Treatment of hordeolum - CORRECT ANSWERS- Warm compress May use
topical anti-infective ointment (erythromycin or bacitracin/polymyxin B)
Refer if mass fails to disappear after several weeks
Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) - CORRECT ANSWERS- Involves
abnormal growth of retinal vessels in incompletely vascularized retinas of
premature infant
Ocular misalignment after age 4 months - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Considered suspicious Child should be referred
Periorbital cellulitis - CORRECT ANSWERS- Inflammation and infection of
eyelids and periorbital tissue Treatment: If concerned for MRSA use
monotherapy of clindamycin or combo with oral trimethoprim-
