SOLUTIONS & INSTRUCTOR MANUAL for Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, 4th Edition by Peter Norvig and Stuart Russell Updated A+

SOLUTIONS & INSTRUCTOR MANUAL for Artificial
Intelligence: A Modern Approach, 4th Edition by Peter
Norvig and Stuart Russell Updated A+

,Artificial Intelligence
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1 Introduction ...
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2 Intelligent Agents ...
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II Problem-solving
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3 Solving Problems by Searching ...
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4 Search in Complex Environments ...
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5 Adversarial Search and Games ...
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6 Constraint Satisfaction Problems ...
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III Knowledge, reasoning, and planning
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7 Logical Agents ...
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8 First-Order Logic ...
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9 Inference in First-Order Logic ...
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10 Knowledge Representation ...
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11 Automated Planning ...
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IV Uncertain knowledge and reasoning
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12 Quantifying Uncertainty ...
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13 Probabilistic Reasoning ...
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14 Probabilistic Reasoning over Time ...
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15 Probabilistic Programming ...
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16 Making Simple Decisions ...
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17 Making Complex Decisions ...
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18 Multiagent Decision Making ...
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V Machine Learning
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, 19 Learning from Examples ...
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20 Learning Probabilistic Models ...
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21 Deep Learning ...
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22 Reinforcement Learning ...
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VI Communicating, perceiving, and acting
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23 Natural Language Processing ...
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24 Deep Learning for Natural Language Processing ...
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25 Computer Vision ...
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26 Robotics ...
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VII Conclusions
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27 Philosophy, Ethics, and Safety of AI ...
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28 The Future of AI
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, EXERCISES A A

1
INTRODUCTION
NoteAthatAforAmanyAofAtheAquestionsAinAthisAchapter,AweAgiveAreferencesAwhereAanswersAcan
AbeAfoundAratherAthanAwritingAthemAout—theAfullAanswersAwouldAbeAfarAtooAlong.




1.1 What Is AI?
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ExerciseA1.1.#DEFA
DefineAinAyourAownAwords:A (a)Aintelligence,A(b)AartificialAintelligence,A(c)Aagent,A(d)Ara-
Ationality,A(e)AlogicalAreasoning.




a. DictionaryAdefinitionsAofAintelligenceAtalkAaboutA“theAcapacityAtoAacquireAandAapplyA
knowledge”AorA“theAfacultyAofAthoughtAandAreason”AorA“theAabilityAtoAcomprehendAa
ndAprofitAfromAexperience.”A TheseAareAallAreasonableAanswers,AbutAifAweAwantAsomet
hingAquantifiableAweAwouldAuseAsomethingAlikeA“theAabilityAtoAactAsuccessfullyAacross
AaAwideArangeAofAobjectivesAinAcomplexAenvironments.”

b. WeAdefineAartificialAintelligenceAasAtheAstudyAandAconstructionAofAagentAprogramsAt
hatAperformAwellAinAaAgivenAclassAofAenvironments,AforAaAgivenAagentAarchitecture;Ath
eyAdoAtheArightAthing.A AnAimportantApartAofAthatAisAdealingAwithAtheAuncertaintyAofAw
hatAtheAcurrentAstateAis,AwhatAtheAoutcomeAofApossibleAactionsAmightAbe,AandAwhatAisA
itAthatAweAreallyAdesire.
c. WeAdefineAanAagentAasAanAentityAthatAtakesAactionAinAresponseAtoAperceptsAfromAanAen
vi-Aronment.
d. WeAdefineArationalityAasAtheApropertyAofAaAsystemAwhichAdoesAtheA“rightAthing”Agiv
enAwhatAitAknows.A SeeASectionA2.2AforAaAmoreAcompleteAdiscussion.A TheAbasicAconc
eptAisAperfectArationality;ASectionA??AdescribesAtheAimpossibilityAofAachievingAperfectA
rational-AityAandAproposesAanAalternativeAdefinition.
e. WeAdefineAlogicalAreasoningAasAtheAaAprocessAofAderivingAnewAsentencesAfromAold,Asu
chAthatAtheAnewAsentencesAareAnecessarilyAtrueAifAtheAoldAonesAareAtrue.A(NoticeAthatAdo
esAnotAreferAtoAanyAspecificAsyntaxAorAformalAlanguage,AbutAitAdoesArequireAaAwell-
definedAnotionAofAtruth.)


ExerciseA1.1.#TURI
ReadATuring’sAoriginalApaperAonAAIA(Turing,A1950).A InAtheApaper,AheAdiscussesAseveralAo
bjectionsAtoAhisAproposedAenterpriseAandAhisAtestAforAintelligence.AWhichAobjectionsAstillAcarry


©A2023APearsonAEducation,AHoboken,ANJ.AAllArightsAreserve
d.