Exam 1 - Cardiovascular
Physiology with correct
answers 2025/2026
Alpha Adrenergic Receptors - correct answersPeripheral vessels
Stimulation --> vasoconstriction
Art Line Complications - correct answers1. Electrical hazards & infection (but no pulm probs bc
not near lungs)
2. Circulatory impairment:
--> Hemorrhage: disconnect, dislodge, open stopcock
--> Peripheral limb ischemia: embolization, vasospasm
3. Radial nerve palsy (permanent hand flap)
Beta 1 Adrenergic Receptor - correct answersMyocardium
Stimulation --> incr inotropy, chronotropy, dromotropy, automaticity, coronary vasodilation
Beta 2 Adrenergic Receptor - correct answersPeripheral vessels/bronchioles
Stimulation --> vasodilation, bronchodilation
Blood Flow - correct answersPressure gradient/resistance
--> Pressure gradient creates flow, resistance impedes flow
, Blood Pressure: DBP - correct answersCirculating volume & arteriolar resistance
Blood Pressure: MAP - correct answersActual perfusion pressure
Blood Pressure: PP - correct answersCreated by SV
Blood Pressure: SBP - correct answerssum of DBP + PP
Central Line Air Embolism - correct answersLow right-sided intracardiac pressures < atmospheric
air --> air is sucked in & occludes RV outflow track --> circulatory collapse --> TURN pt ONTO
LEFT SIDE IMMEDIATELY
Clinical Assessment of Afterload (Evaluation of Vascular Tone) - correct answers1. h/o HTN,
vascular/valvular disease
2. Rx: vasopressors can incr afterload & stress heart
3. Physical findings: cool, clammy skin = vasoconstrict; slow cap refill, mottling
Clinical Evaluation of Contractility - correct answershx, Rx
Clinical Evaluation of Preload - correct answers1. Fluid status: Is pt wet or dry? Ck skin turgor,
mucous membranes, etc
2. Hx:
--> CHF is high preload
--> Renal failure is high preload if recent dialysis
--> Vomiting/diarrhea is low preload
3. Rx
Physiology with correct
answers 2025/2026
Alpha Adrenergic Receptors - correct answersPeripheral vessels
Stimulation --> vasoconstriction
Art Line Complications - correct answers1. Electrical hazards & infection (but no pulm probs bc
not near lungs)
2. Circulatory impairment:
--> Hemorrhage: disconnect, dislodge, open stopcock
--> Peripheral limb ischemia: embolization, vasospasm
3. Radial nerve palsy (permanent hand flap)
Beta 1 Adrenergic Receptor - correct answersMyocardium
Stimulation --> incr inotropy, chronotropy, dromotropy, automaticity, coronary vasodilation
Beta 2 Adrenergic Receptor - correct answersPeripheral vessels/bronchioles
Stimulation --> vasodilation, bronchodilation
Blood Flow - correct answersPressure gradient/resistance
--> Pressure gradient creates flow, resistance impedes flow
, Blood Pressure: DBP - correct answersCirculating volume & arteriolar resistance
Blood Pressure: MAP - correct answersActual perfusion pressure
Blood Pressure: PP - correct answersCreated by SV
Blood Pressure: SBP - correct answerssum of DBP + PP
Central Line Air Embolism - correct answersLow right-sided intracardiac pressures < atmospheric
air --> air is sucked in & occludes RV outflow track --> circulatory collapse --> TURN pt ONTO
LEFT SIDE IMMEDIATELY
Clinical Assessment of Afterload (Evaluation of Vascular Tone) - correct answers1. h/o HTN,
vascular/valvular disease
2. Rx: vasopressors can incr afterload & stress heart
3. Physical findings: cool, clammy skin = vasoconstrict; slow cap refill, mottling
Clinical Evaluation of Contractility - correct answershx, Rx
Clinical Evaluation of Preload - correct answers1. Fluid status: Is pt wet or dry? Ck skin turgor,
mucous membranes, etc
2. Hx:
--> CHF is high preload
--> Renal failure is high preload if recent dialysis
--> Vomiting/diarrhea is low preload
3. Rx
