COUC 504 PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A+RECENT VERSION

COUC 504 PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A+RECENT VERSION 1) institutional racism - ANSWER defined as "differential access to the goods, services, and opportunities of society by race" 2) structural racism - ANSWER closely related to, and often used interchangeably with, institutional racism, emphasizes that the oppression of racial and ethnic groups, originating with the social construction of race and racial classification systems, is organized by institutional, cultural, and social structures (i.e., components of institutions) that create and maintain racial inequities 3) internalized racism - ANSWER refers to members of marginalized groups believing and accepting, knowingly or unknowingly, negative social messages about their own racial and ethnic groups. Self-devaluation and the lionization of White American culture as normal and preferable are indicators of internalized racism. 4) cultural racism - ANSWER involves the belief that the cultural values and practices of individuals of White, European descent are superior to those of other racial groups 5) imprint of racism - ANSWER is historically rooted in the social structure (i.e., laws, traditions, customs) of the United States and lives within its social systems 6) Professional counselors who engage in advocacy efforts assume that there is an - ANSWER power differential among US individuals 7) Ethnocentrism is a danger to the counseling profession because - ANSWER All of the above 8) ____ culture refers to commonalities shared by all cultures and humankind - ANSWER Universal 9) The group with the highest median income is - ANSWER Asian Americans 10) Attitudes of low race salience or self-hatred may most clearly express the attitudes of individuals negotiating the ___ stage of Cross's model - ANSWER pre-encounter 11) Changes in behavior, cognitions values and beliefs that occur as a cultural minority group comes in contact with the dominant culture is know as - ANSWER acculturation 12) McGoldrick et al believes that the US is a 'melting pot" - ANSWER False 13) McGoldrick et al believes the US census process has been very helpful in undermining white privilege - ANSWER False 14) Which concept is not a part of seeing cultures with a biblical worldview lens - ANSWER All are a part of seeing cultures with a biblical worldview lens 15) This author is known for developing a white ethnic identity theory - ANSWER Janet Helms 16) When therapists begin to work with clients from a different cultural backgrounds, the most important thing therapists should do in a non-crisis, typical first session is to - ANSWER Acknowledge the race/cultural differences with the client and check the client's thoughts about these differences 17) ____ may result when counselors cannot convey understanding to culturally and linguistically different clients - ANSWER Both of the above 18) ____ disabilities represent the majority of disabilities - ANSWER Physical 19) "I believe what happens to me is based on my own doings" is an example of the ____ worldview - ANSWER internal locus of control 20) Movement through cultural identity development statuses is best described as - ANSWER cyclical 21) Research suggests that individuals cultural identities take shape during ___ and are necessary for the development of a healthy self-concept and cultural socialization - ANSWER adolescence 22) McGoldrisk believe counselors can know a lot about clients who state "I am Irish" or "I am African American" in a session because ethnicity is a straightforward, static concept - ANSWER false 23) Due to stereotyping, McGoldrick et al believe that one should not make tentative generalizations about ethnic groups - ANSWER false 24) Ethnic clients in the Resistance and Immersion phase consider the influences of racism and social oppression in their problems more seriously than ethnic clients in the conformity phase - ANSWER true 25) Using an etic perspective, professional counselors interpret client presentation based on - ANSWER norms from within the majority culture 26) Counselors working with culturally different clients should - ANSWER A-C only 27) This author is known for developing a Black Ethnic identity theory - ANSWER W. E. Cross 28) cognitive costs of racism - ANSWER include the mental energy and psychological processes (e.g., assessing, reflecting, questioning, interpreting) used to evaluate life incidents and experiences in which racism might be involved. generalized negative thinking as a result of experiences with racism can create additional costs, such as chronic anxiety, lowered self-esteem, a pessimistic outlook, and lack of motivation. salient cognitive cost for people of color is internalized racism, as described earlier. people of color discount the value of their individual, institutional, and cultural contributions to society and engage in self-hatred 29) affective costs of racism (page 103-104) - ANSWER -Direct links have been noted between racial discrimination and mental health concerns such as depression, somatization, anxiety, and even posttraumatic stress disorder. -racism related stress. -historical and generational emotional costs of racism -emotional costs are associated with overt manifestations of racism, such as racial slurs, direct references to skin color, or culturally ubiquitous racial stereotypes (e.g., media portrayals of people of color) 30) interpersonal costs of racism - ANSWER segregation of people by racial classification as a result of institutional racism presents a social, even physical, barrier to the establishment of meaningful relationships between people from different racial groups. Social segregation creates an environment for misinformation, misunderstanding, and miscommunication between White people and people of color, as well as between different groups of people of color. 31) internalized racism contributes to intergroup and intragroup relational discord among people of color. The interpersonal costs of internalized racism, then, are fear, suspicion, and distrust, even between and among people of color, who are similarly oppressed in a racist society 32) physical costs of racism - ANSWER -relate specifically to associated physical and physiological symptoms and consequences experienced by people of color: hypertension, chronic fatigue, delivery of low-birth-weight preterm infants, and physical violence, among others