NR 511 Midterm Exam 2026 Questions
and Answers
All of the following medications are used for the control of nausea and vomiting.
Which medication works by affecting the chemoreceptor trigger zone, thereby
stimulating upper gastrointestinal motility and increasing lower esophageal
sphincter pressure?
1.Anticholinergics, such as scopolamine (Donnatal).
2.Antidopaminergic agents, such as prochlorperazine (Compazine).
3.Antidopaminergic and cholinergic agents, such as metoclopramide (Reglan).
4.Tetrahydrocannabinols, such as dronabinol (Marinol) - Correct answer-
Antidopaminergic and cholinergic agents, such as metoclopramide (Reglan)
rationale: Metoclopramide (Reglan) is used for diabetic gastroparesis and
postoperative nausea and vomiting. It works by affecting the chemoreceptor trigger
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,zone, thereby stimulating upper gastrointestinal motility and increasing lower
esophageal sphincter pressure
You auscultate Julie's abdomen and hear a peritoneal friction rub. Which condition
do you rule out?
1.Peritonitis.
2.A liver or spleen abscess.
3.A liver or spleen metastatic tumor.
4.Irritable bowel syndrome. - Correct answer-IBS
rationale: IBS does not produce a friction rub
You are counseling Lillian, who is lactose intolerant, about foods to avoid. You
know she misunderstands the teaching when she tells you she can have:
1. Yogurt.
2.Foods containing whey.
3.Prehydrolyzed milk.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,4.Oranges. - Correct answer-Foods containing whey
rationale: Advise clients who are lactose intolerant to avoid foods containing whey.
Whey is a lactose-rich ingredient found in some foods, so clients who are lactose
intolerant need to read labels on all foods. To control symptoms, dietary lactose
should be reduced or restricted by using lactose-reduced and lactose-free dairy
products or by eating lactose-rich foods in small amounts or in combination with
low-lactose or lactose-free foods.
Simon, age 72, states that he is worried because he has a bowel movement only
every third day. You respond:
1."You should have two to three stools per day."
2."You should defecate once a day."
3."You should have at least three stools per week."
4."There is no such thing as a 'normal' pattern of defecation." - Correct answer-
There is no such thing as a normal pattern of defecation
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, rationale: There is no such thing as a "normal" pattern of defecation. Patterns of
defecation vary widely and may in part be affected by dietary habits, fluid intake,
bacteria in the stool, psychological stress, or voluntary postponement of defecation.
Defecating every third day could be the routine pattern for Simon. He should be
questioned if this is routine for him.
Timothy, age 68, complains of an abrupt change in his defecation pattern. You
evaluate him for:
1.Constipation.
2.Colorectal cancer.
3.Irritable bowel syndrome.
4.Acute appendicitis. - Correct answer-Colorectal cancer
rationale: A middle-aged or older client with an abrupt change in defecation pattern
must be evaluated for colorectal cancer
Ruby has a colostomy and complains that her stools are too loose. What food(s) do
you suggest to help thicken the stools?
1.Cheese.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
and Answers
All of the following medications are used for the control of nausea and vomiting.
Which medication works by affecting the chemoreceptor trigger zone, thereby
stimulating upper gastrointestinal motility and increasing lower esophageal
sphincter pressure?
1.Anticholinergics, such as scopolamine (Donnatal).
2.Antidopaminergic agents, such as prochlorperazine (Compazine).
3.Antidopaminergic and cholinergic agents, such as metoclopramide (Reglan).
4.Tetrahydrocannabinols, such as dronabinol (Marinol) - Correct answer-
Antidopaminergic and cholinergic agents, such as metoclopramide (Reglan)
rationale: Metoclopramide (Reglan) is used for diabetic gastroparesis and
postoperative nausea and vomiting. It works by affecting the chemoreceptor trigger
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,zone, thereby stimulating upper gastrointestinal motility and increasing lower
esophageal sphincter pressure
You auscultate Julie's abdomen and hear a peritoneal friction rub. Which condition
do you rule out?
1.Peritonitis.
2.A liver or spleen abscess.
3.A liver or spleen metastatic tumor.
4.Irritable bowel syndrome. - Correct answer-IBS
rationale: IBS does not produce a friction rub
You are counseling Lillian, who is lactose intolerant, about foods to avoid. You
know she misunderstands the teaching when she tells you she can have:
1. Yogurt.
2.Foods containing whey.
3.Prehydrolyzed milk.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,4.Oranges. - Correct answer-Foods containing whey
rationale: Advise clients who are lactose intolerant to avoid foods containing whey.
Whey is a lactose-rich ingredient found in some foods, so clients who are lactose
intolerant need to read labels on all foods. To control symptoms, dietary lactose
should be reduced or restricted by using lactose-reduced and lactose-free dairy
products or by eating lactose-rich foods in small amounts or in combination with
low-lactose or lactose-free foods.
Simon, age 72, states that he is worried because he has a bowel movement only
every third day. You respond:
1."You should have two to three stools per day."
2."You should defecate once a day."
3."You should have at least three stools per week."
4."There is no such thing as a 'normal' pattern of defecation." - Correct answer-
There is no such thing as a normal pattern of defecation
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, rationale: There is no such thing as a "normal" pattern of defecation. Patterns of
defecation vary widely and may in part be affected by dietary habits, fluid intake,
bacteria in the stool, psychological stress, or voluntary postponement of defecation.
Defecating every third day could be the routine pattern for Simon. He should be
questioned if this is routine for him.
Timothy, age 68, complains of an abrupt change in his defecation pattern. You
evaluate him for:
1.Constipation.
2.Colorectal cancer.
3.Irritable bowel syndrome.
4.Acute appendicitis. - Correct answer-Colorectal cancer
rationale: A middle-aged or older client with an abrupt change in defecation pattern
must be evaluated for colorectal cancer
Ruby has a colostomy and complains that her stools are too loose. What food(s) do
you suggest to help thicken the stools?
1.Cheese.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
