GNUR 238 - Exam 3 Questions and Answers Already Passed
oxygenation - Answers mechanisms that facilitate or impair body's ability to supply oxygen to
cells
respiration - Answers act of inhaling and exhaling air to transport oxygen to alveoli
ventilation - Answers actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
inspiration - Answers air movement into the lungs
expiration - Answers air movement out of the lungs
nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx - Answers What does the upper respiratory tract include?
larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli - Answers What
does the lower respiratory tract include?
Adult: 12-20 breaths per minute - Answers What is the normal respiratory rate?
barrel chest - Answers abnormal chest configuration; anteroposterior diameter is equal to the
lateral diameter; ribs are horizontal; occurs normally with aging and accompanies COPD; chest
pushed out from breathing so hard
Funnel chest - Answers abnormal chest configuration; congenital deformity characterized by
depression of the sternum and adjacent costal cartilage; common among adolescent boys; can
obstruct lungs and breathing capacity is much less
Pigeon chest - Answers abnormal chest configuration; congential deformity characterized by
forward displacement of the sternum with depression of the adjacent costal cartilage; sternum
is sticking out
retractions - Answers breathing so hard that the skin is being sucked in to the rib cage; seen in
elderly, very thin adults or children
kyphosis - Answers exaggerated posterior curvature of thoracic spine; associated with aging;
may decrease lung expansion and increase cardiac problems
scoliosis - Answers lateral curvature and rotation of thoracic and lumbar spine; occurs more
frequently in females; may result in elevation of shoulder and pelvis; can cause breathing
problems
when someone is lacking oxygen, they will naturally sit down, lean forward, and put hands on
thighs to help them breathe; common in patients with COPD or OPD - Answers what is the tripod
position?
eupnea - Answers regular, even, rhythmic pattern of breathing
, dyspnea - Answers change in pattern of breathing producing shortness of breath or difficulty
breathing
hyperventilation - Answers rate of breathing faster than required; too much oxygen, trying to get
rid of it faster; rapid, shallow respirations
hypoventilation - Answers rate of breathing too slow to meet body requirements; irregular, deep
respirations
hypoxemia - Answers decreased levels of oxygen in the blood
cardiovascular system; increased HR and CO to transport more O2 to the tissues; if fails,
hypoxia begins
***Everything increases - Answers How will hypoxemia be compensated for?
Hypoxia - Answers insufficient O2 anywhere in the body, which results in tissue damage and
possibly death
decreased hemoglobin, decreased concentration of inspired O2, decreased diffusion across
alveoli-capillary bed, tissues cant extract O2 (cyanide poisoning); change in LOC, dysrhythmias,
cyanosis (late), cardiac arrest - Answers What happens during hypoxia?
tachypnea - Answers rapid, shallow breathing
bradypnea - Answers slow, regular respirations
Cheyne-Stokes - Answers periods of deep breathing alternating with periods of apnea
asthma - Answers chronic hyperreactive condition; most common respiratory disorder; not
exchanging oxygen and CO2; hear wheezing
atelectasis - Answers obstruction of air flow; not going to hear anything, usually only involves
part of the lung so auscultate both sides
bronchitis - Answers inflammation of tracheobronchial tree; give steroids
emphysema - Answers obstruction of the alveoli; alveoli filled with fluid, may end up with
congestive heart failure
pneumonia - Answers infection of the alveoli; mucus or pus that has built up
pleural effusion - Answers fluid in the pleural space; between lungs and pleural sac; severe
chest pain that may be confused with MI; may need a chest tube drain
congestive heart failure - Answers edema around alveoli
oxygenation - Answers mechanisms that facilitate or impair body's ability to supply oxygen to
cells
respiration - Answers act of inhaling and exhaling air to transport oxygen to alveoli
ventilation - Answers actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
inspiration - Answers air movement into the lungs
expiration - Answers air movement out of the lungs
nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx - Answers What does the upper respiratory tract include?
larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli - Answers What
does the lower respiratory tract include?
Adult: 12-20 breaths per minute - Answers What is the normal respiratory rate?
barrel chest - Answers abnormal chest configuration; anteroposterior diameter is equal to the
lateral diameter; ribs are horizontal; occurs normally with aging and accompanies COPD; chest
pushed out from breathing so hard
Funnel chest - Answers abnormal chest configuration; congenital deformity characterized by
depression of the sternum and adjacent costal cartilage; common among adolescent boys; can
obstruct lungs and breathing capacity is much less
Pigeon chest - Answers abnormal chest configuration; congential deformity characterized by
forward displacement of the sternum with depression of the adjacent costal cartilage; sternum
is sticking out
retractions - Answers breathing so hard that the skin is being sucked in to the rib cage; seen in
elderly, very thin adults or children
kyphosis - Answers exaggerated posterior curvature of thoracic spine; associated with aging;
may decrease lung expansion and increase cardiac problems
scoliosis - Answers lateral curvature and rotation of thoracic and lumbar spine; occurs more
frequently in females; may result in elevation of shoulder and pelvis; can cause breathing
problems
when someone is lacking oxygen, they will naturally sit down, lean forward, and put hands on
thighs to help them breathe; common in patients with COPD or OPD - Answers what is the tripod
position?
eupnea - Answers regular, even, rhythmic pattern of breathing
, dyspnea - Answers change in pattern of breathing producing shortness of breath or difficulty
breathing
hyperventilation - Answers rate of breathing faster than required; too much oxygen, trying to get
rid of it faster; rapid, shallow respirations
hypoventilation - Answers rate of breathing too slow to meet body requirements; irregular, deep
respirations
hypoxemia - Answers decreased levels of oxygen in the blood
cardiovascular system; increased HR and CO to transport more O2 to the tissues; if fails,
hypoxia begins
***Everything increases - Answers How will hypoxemia be compensated for?
Hypoxia - Answers insufficient O2 anywhere in the body, which results in tissue damage and
possibly death
decreased hemoglobin, decreased concentration of inspired O2, decreased diffusion across
alveoli-capillary bed, tissues cant extract O2 (cyanide poisoning); change in LOC, dysrhythmias,
cyanosis (late), cardiac arrest - Answers What happens during hypoxia?
tachypnea - Answers rapid, shallow breathing
bradypnea - Answers slow, regular respirations
Cheyne-Stokes - Answers periods of deep breathing alternating with periods of apnea
asthma - Answers chronic hyperreactive condition; most common respiratory disorder; not
exchanging oxygen and CO2; hear wheezing
atelectasis - Answers obstruction of air flow; not going to hear anything, usually only involves
part of the lung so auscultate both sides
bronchitis - Answers inflammation of tracheobronchial tree; give steroids
emphysema - Answers obstruction of the alveoli; alveoli filled with fluid, may end up with
congestive heart failure
pneumonia - Answers infection of the alveoli; mucus or pus that has built up
pleural effusion - Answers fluid in the pleural space; between lungs and pleural sac; severe
chest pain that may be confused with MI; may need a chest tube drain
congestive heart failure - Answers edema around alveoli
