lOMoARcPSD|58511717
BIO120 Test 1 Review
Adaptation and Biodiversity (University of Toronto)
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Downloaded by Samuel Kinyanjui ()
, lOMoARcPSD|58511717
Lec 1 Key Points
➔ People –
◆ Margulis = created endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria,
female CSB
◆ Malthus = human population cannot grow faster than production
➔ definition of ecology
◆ Is not environmentalism even though it can be deeply tied into it
◆ The science of biodiversity
● How organisms interact with each other and the environment
○ This gives rise to natural selection and eventually evolution
● Distribution and amount of species
● Structure and function of an ecosystem
➔ distribution and abundance as phenomena we want to understand
◆ By understanding where and how many of a species exists, we can predict
things such as climate, our resources and where they come from, disease risk,
results of climate change
◆ ~8.7 million of eukaryotic species on earth
◆ Biodiversity is not equally distributed across tree of life, we have a lot ore
bacteria than anything
◆ What determines abundance? Human population can’t grow faster than our
resources sustainably
➔ what is a…
◆ Population = all individuals of the same species in one place at one time
◆ Community = all species living together in one place at one time
◆ Ecosystem = all species plus the non-living environment
➔ Factors limiting a species’ range
◆ Dispersal = where they are able to get to one their own
● E.g. no penguins in the south pole because they can't swim across the
tropical oceans separating them
◆ Abiotic conditions = if they can handle the abiotic factors of a certain area
● Climate
● Nutrients
○ E.g. plants don’t do well in arctic places because its too cold and
often not enough nutrients in soil for it to grow well
◆ Species interactions = relationships with other species; some relationships
are needed to survive for some species
● Competition
○ For resources or mates
● Predation
Downloaded by Samuel Kinyanjui ()
, lOMoARcPSD|58511717
● Mutualism
○ All of these factors decide the survivability of a species
○ These factors vary and creates a gradients of conditions
○ Organisms perform best at a certain point of the gradient that
caters to their lifestyle
➔ the sixth extinction
◆ The ongoing extinction happening right now due to human activities
● Such as fishing, farming, consumption, etc.
● E.g. 32% of vertebrae are decreasing
Lec 2 Key Points
➔ People –
◆ Hutchinson
● Came up with Hutchinsonian Niche (=the needs of a species for it to
maintain a positive population growth rate, disregarding biotic
interaction), calls it an “n-hypervolume”
●
➔ the niche
◆
◆ What area the species occupies, what they eat, and other factors they need to
survive
◆ Combo of an organism’s physiological tolerances and resource requirements
➔ why temperature and seasonality vary with latitude
◆ Temperature is mostly a function of latitude
● Higher lat. = colder, seasonality includes summer-winter
○ More situated on tilt means more drastic temp. changes
Downloaded by Samuel Kinyanjui ()
BIO120 Test 1 Review
Adaptation and Biodiversity (University of Toronto)
Scan to open on Studocu
Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university
Downloaded by Samuel Kinyanjui ()
, lOMoARcPSD|58511717
Lec 1 Key Points
➔ People –
◆ Margulis = created endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria,
female CSB
◆ Malthus = human population cannot grow faster than production
➔ definition of ecology
◆ Is not environmentalism even though it can be deeply tied into it
◆ The science of biodiversity
● How organisms interact with each other and the environment
○ This gives rise to natural selection and eventually evolution
● Distribution and amount of species
● Structure and function of an ecosystem
➔ distribution and abundance as phenomena we want to understand
◆ By understanding where and how many of a species exists, we can predict
things such as climate, our resources and where they come from, disease risk,
results of climate change
◆ ~8.7 million of eukaryotic species on earth
◆ Biodiversity is not equally distributed across tree of life, we have a lot ore
bacteria than anything
◆ What determines abundance? Human population can’t grow faster than our
resources sustainably
➔ what is a…
◆ Population = all individuals of the same species in one place at one time
◆ Community = all species living together in one place at one time
◆ Ecosystem = all species plus the non-living environment
➔ Factors limiting a species’ range
◆ Dispersal = where they are able to get to one their own
● E.g. no penguins in the south pole because they can't swim across the
tropical oceans separating them
◆ Abiotic conditions = if they can handle the abiotic factors of a certain area
● Climate
● Nutrients
○ E.g. plants don’t do well in arctic places because its too cold and
often not enough nutrients in soil for it to grow well
◆ Species interactions = relationships with other species; some relationships
are needed to survive for some species
● Competition
○ For resources or mates
● Predation
Downloaded by Samuel Kinyanjui ()
, lOMoARcPSD|58511717
● Mutualism
○ All of these factors decide the survivability of a species
○ These factors vary and creates a gradients of conditions
○ Organisms perform best at a certain point of the gradient that
caters to their lifestyle
➔ the sixth extinction
◆ The ongoing extinction happening right now due to human activities
● Such as fishing, farming, consumption, etc.
● E.g. 32% of vertebrae are decreasing
Lec 2 Key Points
➔ People –
◆ Hutchinson
● Came up with Hutchinsonian Niche (=the needs of a species for it to
maintain a positive population growth rate, disregarding biotic
interaction), calls it an “n-hypervolume”
●
➔ the niche
◆
◆ What area the species occupies, what they eat, and other factors they need to
survive
◆ Combo of an organism’s physiological tolerances and resource requirements
➔ why temperature and seasonality vary with latitude
◆ Temperature is mostly a function of latitude
● Higher lat. = colder, seasonality includes summer-winter
○ More situated on tilt means more drastic temp. changes
Downloaded by Samuel Kinyanjui ()
