BIO 1500 FINAL EDITION 2025/2026 150
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED CORRECT
ANSWERS.
1.Describe the potential outcomes of light striking an object -
<<<Answers>>>>refraction, absorption, transmitted
2.Describe the importance of gated proteins -
<<<Answers>>>>sometimes it allows molecules to pass
through
3.Distinguish between selective and gated proteins -
<<<Answers>>>>selective proteins only let certain ions in,
gated is a time variation
4.Identify at which level a particular biological process occurs
- <<<Answers>>>>1. molecular: involving structure or
behavior of molecules
2. cellular: processes performed by cells
3. organismal: physiology of plants, animals, fungi, etc. (how
do they work?)
4. ecological: interactions between species or between an
organism and the environment
5. evolutionary: topics related to change over time
5.Recall the elevation of Mt. Everest -
<<<Answers>>>>8850
,6.Recall the reason for 'death-zone' and where a death zone
occurs - <<<Answers>>>>there is not enough oxygen in the
atmosphere, 8000 m
7.Recall the migration path of Bar Headed Geese and
which feat makes it remarkable - <<<Answers>>>>-
Migration pattern- across the Himalayas NOT around it-
Fly 5,800- 6,400m (19-21,000ft) they fly at an altitude that
humans would need supplemental oxygen to even move at!
8.Know the functions of the mammalian respiratory system -
<<<Answers>>>>to provide O2 to our cells
9.List the steps in mammalian respiration -
<<<Answers>>>>1. inhalation: brings air inside
2. in lungs: O2 diffuses to red blood cells (RBC)
3. O2 bound to hemoglobin (Hb) inside RBC
4. In body: O2 released from Hb - diffusion of O2 to cells
5. O2 used in CR - CO2 diffuses to blood
6. CO2 dissolved in blood (NOT bound to Hb)
7. Blood transports CO2 (and RBCs w/o O2) to lungs
8. CO2 diffusion into air --> exhalation back to air
, .
9.Know the definitions of: gas exchange, tidal volume,
vital capacity, alveoli, ventilation - <<<Answers>>>>gas
exchange: movement of O2 from air into blood; and CO2
from blood into air, move by diffusion
tidal volume: Amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs
during a normal breath
vital capacity: the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled
after a maximum inhalation
alveoli: where lungs and blood exchange gases (tiny sacs)
Ventilation: Exchange of air between the lungs and the
environment, so O2 can be exchange for CO2 in alveoli
10.Describe how the structure of our respiratory system
facilitates gas exchange - <<<Answers>>>>-Alveoli: close
contact of air and blood-separated by thickness of 2 cells-
Diffusion moves O2 and CO2 from high to low concentration-
O2 binds to hemoglobin in RBC--removes it from solution,
keeps O2 concentration low---and diffusion going fast
trachea, bronchi tubes to bronchioles branches to alveolar
ducts to alveoli sacs- the sacs have capillary network where
gas exchange happens
11.Explain what residual lung volume refers to and why it
exists - <<<Answers>>>>Residual volume is the volume
that is never exchanged. It is the amount of air left in the
lungs
, after maximum exhalation. Residual volume exists because if
not, our lungs would collapse.
12.Which of the following is a feature of the human
respiratory system that arises from having a large residual
lung volume? -
<<<Answers>>>>The PO2 of the air in the lungs is lower
than the PO2 of the atmosphere.
The residual lung volume is the volume of lung capacity that
we never exchange (exhale). This volume represents the
minimal volume necessary to maintain inflated open alveoli
for continued respiratory function. As such some volume of
our lung capacity is filled with CO2 and other gases that are
not at atmospheric levels, thus our PO2 can never be equal to
that of the outside air (it must be lower).
13.Compare the atmosphere we breathe (at sea level) and the
atmosphere in our lungs, and explain the reason for the
difference - <<<Answers>>>>Atmosphere:-pO2: 21 kPa
-pCO2: 0.4 kPa
Lung:-pO2: 13 kPa
-pCO2: 5.0 kPa
the difference in the two is because lung atmosphere depends
on volume of gas exchanged
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED CORRECT
ANSWERS.
1.Describe the potential outcomes of light striking an object -
<<<Answers>>>>refraction, absorption, transmitted
2.Describe the importance of gated proteins -
<<<Answers>>>>sometimes it allows molecules to pass
through
3.Distinguish between selective and gated proteins -
<<<Answers>>>>selective proteins only let certain ions in,
gated is a time variation
4.Identify at which level a particular biological process occurs
- <<<Answers>>>>1. molecular: involving structure or
behavior of molecules
2. cellular: processes performed by cells
3. organismal: physiology of plants, animals, fungi, etc. (how
do they work?)
4. ecological: interactions between species or between an
organism and the environment
5. evolutionary: topics related to change over time
5.Recall the elevation of Mt. Everest -
<<<Answers>>>>8850
,6.Recall the reason for 'death-zone' and where a death zone
occurs - <<<Answers>>>>there is not enough oxygen in the
atmosphere, 8000 m
7.Recall the migration path of Bar Headed Geese and
which feat makes it remarkable - <<<Answers>>>>-
Migration pattern- across the Himalayas NOT around it-
Fly 5,800- 6,400m (19-21,000ft) they fly at an altitude that
humans would need supplemental oxygen to even move at!
8.Know the functions of the mammalian respiratory system -
<<<Answers>>>>to provide O2 to our cells
9.List the steps in mammalian respiration -
<<<Answers>>>>1. inhalation: brings air inside
2. in lungs: O2 diffuses to red blood cells (RBC)
3. O2 bound to hemoglobin (Hb) inside RBC
4. In body: O2 released from Hb - diffusion of O2 to cells
5. O2 used in CR - CO2 diffuses to blood
6. CO2 dissolved in blood (NOT bound to Hb)
7. Blood transports CO2 (and RBCs w/o O2) to lungs
8. CO2 diffusion into air --> exhalation back to air
, .
9.Know the definitions of: gas exchange, tidal volume,
vital capacity, alveoli, ventilation - <<<Answers>>>>gas
exchange: movement of O2 from air into blood; and CO2
from blood into air, move by diffusion
tidal volume: Amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs
during a normal breath
vital capacity: the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled
after a maximum inhalation
alveoli: where lungs and blood exchange gases (tiny sacs)
Ventilation: Exchange of air between the lungs and the
environment, so O2 can be exchange for CO2 in alveoli
10.Describe how the structure of our respiratory system
facilitates gas exchange - <<<Answers>>>>-Alveoli: close
contact of air and blood-separated by thickness of 2 cells-
Diffusion moves O2 and CO2 from high to low concentration-
O2 binds to hemoglobin in RBC--removes it from solution,
keeps O2 concentration low---and diffusion going fast
trachea, bronchi tubes to bronchioles branches to alveolar
ducts to alveoli sacs- the sacs have capillary network where
gas exchange happens
11.Explain what residual lung volume refers to and why it
exists - <<<Answers>>>>Residual volume is the volume
that is never exchanged. It is the amount of air left in the
lungs
, after maximum exhalation. Residual volume exists because if
not, our lungs would collapse.
12.Which of the following is a feature of the human
respiratory system that arises from having a large residual
lung volume? -
<<<Answers>>>>The PO2 of the air in the lungs is lower
than the PO2 of the atmosphere.
The residual lung volume is the volume of lung capacity that
we never exchange (exhale). This volume represents the
minimal volume necessary to maintain inflated open alveoli
for continued respiratory function. As such some volume of
our lung capacity is filled with CO2 and other gases that are
not at atmospheric levels, thus our PO2 can never be equal to
that of the outside air (it must be lower).
13.Compare the atmosphere we breathe (at sea level) and the
atmosphere in our lungs, and explain the reason for the
difference - <<<Answers>>>>Atmosphere:-pO2: 21 kPa
-pCO2: 0.4 kPa
Lung:-pO2: 13 kPa
-pCO2: 5.0 kPa
the difference in the two is because lung atmosphere depends
on volume of gas exchanged
