Nu 545 unit 1 set 2 Exam questions ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
with verified detailed answers ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Calcium and Phosphate - correct answer✔✔Oppositely related. if one is increased the other
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
is decreased. regulated by 3 hormones
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Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) - correct answer✔✔Controls ionized calcium in the blood and ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
extracellular fluids. Secreted when serum calcium levels are low. Low calcium levels>PTH ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
secretion>reabsorption of calcium increase, inhibition of phosphate reabsorption ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
increases= increase serum CA++ and urinary excretion of HPO4 ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Vitamin D - correct answer✔✔Decreased calcium levels, stimulates PTH, increased calcium
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
levels and decreased phosphate levels= renal activation of vitamin D
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Calcitonin - correct answer✔✔Decreased calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclastic activity in ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
the bone
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Hypocalcemia - correct answer✔✔inadequate intestinal absorption, deposition of ionized ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
calcium into bone or soft tissue, blood transfusions, pancreatitis, neoplastic bone metastasis,
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
decreased PTH and vit D, malabsorption of fat, removal of parathyroid gland, metabolic or
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
resp alkalosis, hypalbuminemia
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Metabolic Alkalosis caused by extensive vomiting - correct answer✔✔depletes extracellular ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
fluid (ECF) and chloride. The volume depletion causes a loss of electrolytes ; sodium,
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
potassium, hydrogen and chloride which makes renal compensation infective due to the ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
stimulation of a paradoxical response of the kidneys. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
with verified detailed answers ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Calcium and Phosphate - correct answer✔✔Oppositely related. if one is increased the other
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
is decreased. regulated by 3 hormones
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) - correct answer✔✔Controls ionized calcium in the blood and ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
extracellular fluids. Secreted when serum calcium levels are low. Low calcium levels>PTH ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
secretion>reabsorption of calcium increase, inhibition of phosphate reabsorption ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
increases= increase serum CA++ and urinary excretion of HPO4 ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Vitamin D - correct answer✔✔Decreased calcium levels, stimulates PTH, increased calcium
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
levels and decreased phosphate levels= renal activation of vitamin D
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Calcitonin - correct answer✔✔Decreased calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclastic activity in ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
the bone
||\\//|| ||\\//||
Hypocalcemia - correct answer✔✔inadequate intestinal absorption, deposition of ionized ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
calcium into bone or soft tissue, blood transfusions, pancreatitis, neoplastic bone metastasis,
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
decreased PTH and vit D, malabsorption of fat, removal of parathyroid gland, metabolic or
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
resp alkalosis, hypalbuminemia
||\\//|| ||\\//||
Metabolic Alkalosis caused by extensive vomiting - correct answer✔✔depletes extracellular ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
fluid (ECF) and chloride. The volume depletion causes a loss of electrolytes ; sodium,
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
potassium, hydrogen and chloride which makes renal compensation infective due to the ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
stimulation of a paradoxical response of the kidneys. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
