PILAB Rodents Exam with precis ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
detailed solutions ||\\//||
What is the natural purpose of mouse vocalisations? - correct answer✔✔Use calls to invoke
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
nursing behaviour, indicate distress when pups are separated, when displaying reproductive
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
behaviour, and in play.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Where are pheromones secreted from mice and what is their purpose? - correct
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answer✔✔Feet and urine ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Mark territory, provide information on health, emotional states, reduce aggression, and
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
transmit information on food choices. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is the purpose of vibrissae on mice? - correct answer✔✔(also known as whiskers)
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Give tactile information on the size and shape of surroundings and their own body position
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is the gestation period of a mouse? - correct answer✔✔18-21 days
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is the average weight of an adult male and adult female mouse? - correct
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answer✔✔Male: 25-90g ||\\//||
Female: 20-40g ||\\//||
What is the average weight of an adult male and adult female rat? - correct answer✔✔Male:
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
300-400g
||\\//||
Female: 250-300g ||\\//||
,At what age do female and male mice reach sexual maturity? - correct answer✔✔Male: 5-6
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
weeks
Female: 6-8 weeks ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is the gestation period of a rat? - correct answer✔✔20-23 days
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
How long does the rodent oestrus cycle last? - correct answer✔✔4-5 days
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Are rodents herbivores, omnivores, or carnivores? - correct answer✔✔Omnivores
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Define coprophagic - correct answer✔✔Consumption of fecal matter to aid digestion
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What are phytooestrogens and how can this affect science? - correct
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answer✔✔Phytooestrogens in rodent diet have been recognised a potentially important ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
scientific variable as they mimic the structure and function of oestrogens. They are found ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
primarily in diets including soybean so many companies produce diets free of soybean. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Give examples of enrichment material for rodents - correct answer✔✔1. Nesting material -
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
tissue, shredded paper, shavings (mice highly motivated to nest, rats less so unless females
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
about to give birth) ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. Tubes, boxes, climbing structures and running wheels can be provided
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. Cage structures such as shelters and running wheels have been shown to increase
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
aggression in some male animals ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
4. Food scattering - encourages foraging behaviour
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Providing enrichment for animals complies with which of the three Rs? - correct ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answer✔✔Refinement
, What are the social housing requirements for mice and what are the exceptions to this -
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
correct answer✔✔In groups of 6. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Single housing must be noted and justified on a project licence (unless for welfare reasons)
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Tickling rats is thought to mimic what behaviour in rats? - correct answer✔✔Juvenile play
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
behaviour
What are inbred strains of mice? - correct answer✔✔20 generations of brother-sister
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
matings, genetically alike at virtually all loci, less within strain phenotypic variation,
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
smaller litters ||\\//||
Describe the naming system for inbred strains - correct answer✔✔Parent name: capital
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
letters and/or numbers ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Substrain: parent name followed by a slash and the lab/sustrain code ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Describe the characteristics of outbred strains of mice - correct answer✔✔More diverse
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
genome, need to control breeding to prevent accidental inbreeding, usually larger litters
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is a substrain branch? - correct answer✔✔Formed when an inbred strain is
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
maintained separately from the parent colony for more than 20 generations of inbreeding ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What should be used to prevent adverse effects in New GA lines? - correct
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answer✔✔Develop and implement tools to monitor signs of suffering, alleviate suffering, ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
establish humane endpoints, score actual severity, 'mouse passport' system when moving
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
mice to different establishments.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What animal records should be kept in research? - correct answer✔✔Legally required
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
records under A(SP)A 1986: Cage labels, General records e.g. Records of procedures, from
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
start to end of use, surgical records, training records, Central records e.g. source, use and
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
disposal records of wildtype animals, environmental records.||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
detailed solutions ||\\//||
What is the natural purpose of mouse vocalisations? - correct answer✔✔Use calls to invoke
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
nursing behaviour, indicate distress when pups are separated, when displaying reproductive
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
behaviour, and in play.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Where are pheromones secreted from mice and what is their purpose? - correct
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answer✔✔Feet and urine ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Mark territory, provide information on health, emotional states, reduce aggression, and
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
transmit information on food choices. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is the purpose of vibrissae on mice? - correct answer✔✔(also known as whiskers)
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Give tactile information on the size and shape of surroundings and their own body position
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is the gestation period of a mouse? - correct answer✔✔18-21 days
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is the average weight of an adult male and adult female mouse? - correct
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answer✔✔Male: 25-90g ||\\//||
Female: 20-40g ||\\//||
What is the average weight of an adult male and adult female rat? - correct answer✔✔Male:
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
300-400g
||\\//||
Female: 250-300g ||\\//||
,At what age do female and male mice reach sexual maturity? - correct answer✔✔Male: 5-6
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
weeks
Female: 6-8 weeks ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is the gestation period of a rat? - correct answer✔✔20-23 days
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
How long does the rodent oestrus cycle last? - correct answer✔✔4-5 days
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Are rodents herbivores, omnivores, or carnivores? - correct answer✔✔Omnivores
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Define coprophagic - correct answer✔✔Consumption of fecal matter to aid digestion
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What are phytooestrogens and how can this affect science? - correct
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answer✔✔Phytooestrogens in rodent diet have been recognised a potentially important ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
scientific variable as they mimic the structure and function of oestrogens. They are found ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
primarily in diets including soybean so many companies produce diets free of soybean. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Give examples of enrichment material for rodents - correct answer✔✔1. Nesting material -
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
tissue, shredded paper, shavings (mice highly motivated to nest, rats less so unless females
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
about to give birth) ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. Tubes, boxes, climbing structures and running wheels can be provided
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. Cage structures such as shelters and running wheels have been shown to increase
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
aggression in some male animals ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
4. Food scattering - encourages foraging behaviour
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Providing enrichment for animals complies with which of the three Rs? - correct ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answer✔✔Refinement
, What are the social housing requirements for mice and what are the exceptions to this -
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
correct answer✔✔In groups of 6. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Single housing must be noted and justified on a project licence (unless for welfare reasons)
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Tickling rats is thought to mimic what behaviour in rats? - correct answer✔✔Juvenile play
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
behaviour
What are inbred strains of mice? - correct answer✔✔20 generations of brother-sister
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
matings, genetically alike at virtually all loci, less within strain phenotypic variation,
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
smaller litters ||\\//||
Describe the naming system for inbred strains - correct answer✔✔Parent name: capital
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
letters and/or numbers ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Substrain: parent name followed by a slash and the lab/sustrain code ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Describe the characteristics of outbred strains of mice - correct answer✔✔More diverse
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
genome, need to control breeding to prevent accidental inbreeding, usually larger litters
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is a substrain branch? - correct answer✔✔Formed when an inbred strain is
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
maintained separately from the parent colony for more than 20 generations of inbreeding ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What should be used to prevent adverse effects in New GA lines? - correct
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answer✔✔Develop and implement tools to monitor signs of suffering, alleviate suffering, ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
establish humane endpoints, score actual severity, 'mouse passport' system when moving
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
mice to different establishments.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What animal records should be kept in research? - correct answer✔✔Legally required
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
records under A(SP)A 1986: Cage labels, General records e.g. Records of procedures, from
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
start to end of use, surgical records, training records, Central records e.g. source, use and
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
disposal records of wildtype animals, environmental records.||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
