Brooks Biodiversity Unit 2 Exam
The Primary role of Fungi - ANSWERDecomposers- they break things down
Modes of Nutrition in Fungi - ANSWERHeterotrophs with extracellular digestion
Exoenzymes - ANSWERFungi Release these enzymes outside of the cell wall. Break down complex
molecules into smaller organic molecules which can be absorbed.
Extracellular Digestion - ANSWERThe release of exoenzymes out side of the cell wall, followed by the
absorption of nutrients..
Saprobes - ANSWERFungi that feed on non-living/dead organisms
Symbionts - ANSWERFungus that lives with another living organism (form a symbiotic relationship)
Mutualism in Fungi - ANSWERboth organisms benefit, neither is harmed.
Ex: Lichens - fungi and algae (cyanobacteria)
Ex: Mycorrhizae - fungi and plant roots
Commensalism - ANSWEROne organism benefits, the other is unharmed
Parasitism - ANSWEROne organism benefits, the other is harmed
,Examples of Parasitism in Fungi - ANSWEREx: Fungus as a human parasite (Athelete's Foot)
Ex: Fungus as a plant parasite
1. black stem rust on wheat
2. ergots on rye
3. strawberries with botrytis mold
4. pink ear rot of corn
Black Stem Rust - ANSWERParasitic relationship with fungus and plant. Occurs on wheat
Ergots - ANSWERParasitic relationship with fungus and plant that occurs on rye and gives
hallucinogenic sensations
Botrytis Mold - ANSWERParasitic relationship with fungus and plants that occurs on strawberries
Fungi Characteristics - ANSWER1. Heterotrophic
2. Extracellular Digestion
3. Chitin-Based Cell wall
4. Most fungi are made up of filaments called Hyphae
Hyphae - ANSWERfilaments (long and branching) that make up the structure of a fungus
In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth
Hyphae are Septate or Coenocytic
Yeast - ANSWERYeast is a unicellular fungi and do not have/grow hyphae
MOST FUNGI ARE MULTICELLULAR, BUT YEAST IS UNICELLULAR
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a2bya2cella2walls
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Coenocytica2-
a2ANSWERYoua2canta2seea2thea2cella2separation.a2Ita2isa2multinucleateda2meaninga2thata2therea2area2mul
tiplea2nucleia2nota2separateda2bya2aa2cella2wall
Thallus/Myceliuma2-
a2ANSWERcollectivelya2refersa2toa2aa2buncha2ofa2hyphaea2thata2togethera2makea2upa2thea2bodya2ofa2thea
2fungus
Hyphaea2(smallesta2unit)a2makea2upa2thea2myceliuma2(entirea2fungusa2body)
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a2ANSWERThea2hyphala2tipa2ofa2aa2parasitica2fungusa2thata2penetratesa2thea2cella2ofa2othera2organismsa2
(thea2host)
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husa2allowinga2greatera2potentiala2movementa2ofa2organica2carbona2froma2hosta2toa2fungus.
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Mitosisa2-
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2witha2isa2whata2youa2enda2witha2(identicala2nucleia2anda2identicala2DNA)
The Primary role of Fungi - ANSWERDecomposers- they break things down
Modes of Nutrition in Fungi - ANSWERHeterotrophs with extracellular digestion
Exoenzymes - ANSWERFungi Release these enzymes outside of the cell wall. Break down complex
molecules into smaller organic molecules which can be absorbed.
Extracellular Digestion - ANSWERThe release of exoenzymes out side of the cell wall, followed by the
absorption of nutrients..
Saprobes - ANSWERFungi that feed on non-living/dead organisms
Symbionts - ANSWERFungus that lives with another living organism (form a symbiotic relationship)
Mutualism in Fungi - ANSWERboth organisms benefit, neither is harmed.
Ex: Lichens - fungi and algae (cyanobacteria)
Ex: Mycorrhizae - fungi and plant roots
Commensalism - ANSWEROne organism benefits, the other is unharmed
Parasitism - ANSWEROne organism benefits, the other is harmed
,Examples of Parasitism in Fungi - ANSWEREx: Fungus as a human parasite (Athelete's Foot)
Ex: Fungus as a plant parasite
1. black stem rust on wheat
2. ergots on rye
3. strawberries with botrytis mold
4. pink ear rot of corn
Black Stem Rust - ANSWERParasitic relationship with fungus and plant. Occurs on wheat
Ergots - ANSWERParasitic relationship with fungus and plant that occurs on rye and gives
hallucinogenic sensations
Botrytis Mold - ANSWERParasitic relationship with fungus and plants that occurs on strawberries
Fungi Characteristics - ANSWER1. Heterotrophic
2. Extracellular Digestion
3. Chitin-Based Cell wall
4. Most fungi are made up of filaments called Hyphae
Hyphae - ANSWERfilaments (long and branching) that make up the structure of a fungus
In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth
Hyphae are Septate or Coenocytic
Yeast - ANSWERYeast is a unicellular fungi and do not have/grow hyphae
MOST FUNGI ARE MULTICELLULAR, BUT YEAST IS UNICELLULAR
, Septatea2-
a2ANSWERYoua2cana2seea2thea2cella2separationa2becausea2thea2nucleia2area2confineda2ina2anda2separated
a2bya2cella2walls
Thinka2"separate"
Coenocytica2-
a2ANSWERYoua2canta2seea2thea2cella2separation.a2Ita2isa2multinucleateda2meaninga2thata2therea2area2mul
tiplea2nucleia2nota2separateda2bya2aa2cella2wall
Thallus/Myceliuma2-
a2ANSWERcollectivelya2refersa2toa2aa2buncha2ofa2hyphaea2thata2togethera2makea2upa2thea2bodya2ofa2thea
2fungus
Hyphaea2(smallesta2unit)a2makea2upa2thea2myceliuma2(entirea2fungusa2body)
Haustoriaa2-
a2ANSWERThea2hyphala2tipa2ofa2aa2parasitica2fungusa2thata2penetratesa2thea2cella2ofa2othera2organismsa2
(thea2host)
Aftera2penetrationa2thesea2specializeda2hyphaea2releasea2enzymesa2thata2breaka2downa2thea2cella2wall,a2t
husa2allowinga2greatera2potentiala2movementa2ofa2organica2carbona2froma2hosta2toa2fungus.
Whata2isa2Fungia2Mosta2closelya2relateda2to?a2-
a2ANSWERFungia2havea2cella2wallsa2anda2fruitinga2bodies,a2soa2werea2originallya2thoughta2toa2bea2plant
s.a2However,a2theya2area2mosta2closelya2relateda2toa2animals
Fungia2Nucleia2-a2ANSWERMosta2fungia2cellsa2havea22a2nuclei
Mitosisa2-
a2ANSWERHasa2NOa2prerequisitea2fora2cella2division,a2alla2ita2needsa2isa2aa2nucleus.a2Whata2youa2starta
2witha2isa2whata2youa2enda2witha2(identicala2nucleia2anda2identicala2DNA)
