NUR 109 EXAM 4 ACTUAL STUDY QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATELY SOLVED -GRADED A+
Alignment and balance
refers to posture and positioning of joints, tendons, ligaments, and muscles
friction
the resistance that one surface or object encounters when moving over another.
shear
force directed parallel to a surface
isometric exercise
an exercise in which muscles contract but very little body movement takes place
isotonic exercise
activity that combines muscle contraction with repeated movement
Torticollis
Inclining of head to affected side, in which sternocleidomastoid muscle is contracted
,lordosis
exaggerated of anterior convex curve of lumbar spine
kyphosis
(hunchback)
increased convexity in curvature of thoracic
Scoliosis
Lateral S- or C-shaped spinal column with vertebral rotation, unequal heights of hips and
shoulders
Congenital Hip Dysplasia
Hip instability with limited abduction of hips and occasionally adduction contractures
Genu valgum
(knock knees)
Legs curved inward so knees come together as a person walks
Clubfoot
95%: medial deviation and plantar flexion of foot (equinovarus) 5%: lateral deviation and
dorsiflexion (calcaneovalgus)
, footdrop
Inability to dorsiflex and invert foot because of peroneal nerve damage
pigeon toes
Internal rotation of forefoot or entire foot; common in infants
mobility-immobility
1) Prolonged immobility delays gross motor skills, intellectual development, or
musculoskeletal development
2) Delayed in gaining independence and in accomplishing skills Social isolation can occur
3) Physiological systems are at risk. Changes in family and social structures
4) Decreased physical activity Hormonal changes Bone reabsorption
systemic effects of immobility
Metabolic
Respiratory
Cardiovascular
Musculoskeletal
Urinary and Bowel Elimination
Integumentary
Alignment and balance
refers to posture and positioning of joints, tendons, ligaments, and muscles
friction
the resistance that one surface or object encounters when moving over another.
shear
force directed parallel to a surface
isometric exercise
an exercise in which muscles contract but very little body movement takes place
isotonic exercise
activity that combines muscle contraction with repeated movement
Torticollis
Inclining of head to affected side, in which sternocleidomastoid muscle is contracted
,lordosis
exaggerated of anterior convex curve of lumbar spine
kyphosis
(hunchback)
increased convexity in curvature of thoracic
Scoliosis
Lateral S- or C-shaped spinal column with vertebral rotation, unequal heights of hips and
shoulders
Congenital Hip Dysplasia
Hip instability with limited abduction of hips and occasionally adduction contractures
Genu valgum
(knock knees)
Legs curved inward so knees come together as a person walks
Clubfoot
95%: medial deviation and plantar flexion of foot (equinovarus) 5%: lateral deviation and
dorsiflexion (calcaneovalgus)
, footdrop
Inability to dorsiflex and invert foot because of peroneal nerve damage
pigeon toes
Internal rotation of forefoot or entire foot; common in infants
mobility-immobility
1) Prolonged immobility delays gross motor skills, intellectual development, or
musculoskeletal development
2) Delayed in gaining independence and in accomplishing skills Social isolation can occur
3) Physiological systems are at risk. Changes in family and social structures
4) Decreased physical activity Hormonal changes Bone reabsorption
systemic effects of immobility
Metabolic
Respiratory
Cardiovascular
Musculoskeletal
Urinary and Bowel Elimination
Integumentary
