Sergeant Exam NFLST Questions and
Answers Verified 100% Correct
Expectancy - ANSWER -Bias when witness is not completely positive of an
ANSWER. They'll give an ANSWER they would expect, or assume.
Coerced - internalized confession - ANSWER -False confession where innocent
suspect made to believe they committed the crime where people develop a distrust
of their own memory.
Voluntary confession - ANSWER -Give false confession without provocation
Coerced compliant confession - ANSWER -Confess after lengthy interrogation
process and think the short term outweighs long term (being released on bail and
getting high vs. having to go to prison later)
Free and voluntary rule - ANSWER -can't beat a suspect into a confession, or
threaten violence
McNabb v. United States - ANSWER -Must not be "unnecessary delay" in the
production of the suspect before a magistrate. Confession was gained during this
delay, and the subsequent confession was inadmissible despite it being given freely
and voluntarily. From this case came the "delay in arraignment" rule.
Berghuis v. Thomkins - ANSWER -5th amendment case involving Miranda v.
Arizona. Suspect was advised of rights, didn't sign the form, but agreed to speak
with detectives. Confession given, and was later admissible by Supreme Court.
Algor mortis - ANSWER -body cooling - inaccurate way of determining time of
death
Ocular change - ANSWER -cornea becomes cloudy within 2 hours of less if eyes
are open
Ocular change (closed) - ANSWER -if eyes closed, 12-24 hours, 3rd postmortem
day, eyes become opaque
, Rigor mortis - ANSWER -rigidity occurs within 1-3 hours. Complete rigor in 10-
15 hours after jaw and knee locked. After 24-36 hours the muscles begin to relax in
the same order they stiffened.
Livor mortis - ANSWER -pooling of blood inside the skin, can look like bruising,
evident within 30 minutes to 2 hours, "fixed" after 8-12 hours, Before it being
fixed, the livor mortis may move around the body.
Decomposition - ANSWER -A body decomposing above ground for a week looks
similar to a body that has been under water for 2 weeks or has been buried for six
weeks.
Forensic entomologist - ANSWER -test bugs on
Entrance wound - ANSWER -sinks temporarily then regains elasticity
Contusion ring - ANSWER -forms around the entrance of a bullet hole in a human
Contact bullet wound - ANSWER -leaves charring of the skin, black splotches
around the entrance of the bullet
Incise and Stab wounds - ANSWER -Normally if fatal, incise or "cutting" wounds
found in the throat area
Incise and Stab wounds II Most commonly found on face, arms, and legs. -
ANSWER -Stabbing normally fatal if hits an organ
Close proximity of stab wounds - ANSWER -normally indicates incapacitation at
the time of the attack (intox, held down, asleep)
Lacerations - ANSWER -caused by blunt objects and create abnormally shaped
cuts.
Battered child syndrome - ANSWER -Physical abuse to children. Most common
weapons are belts and electric chords.
Burn injuries - ANSWER -make up 10% of child abuse. Infants commonly burned
by water for not responding to toilet training.
, Scald burns - ANSWER -most common deliberate type of burn, and are caused by
heating a liquid and immersing the child in the liquid. Also called immersion
burns.
Immersion burns - ANSWER -the depth of the burn is uniform and there are
"water lines" and possible bruising on the child where they were held into the
liquid
Sparing - ANSWER -describing what a child does when their hand is forcibly
inserted into a burning liquid. They will close their hand to "spare" the inside of the
palm.
Spill/splash injuries - ANSWER -hot liquid falls onto child
Contact burns - ANSWER -something hot held against the skin. Cigarette and
electric steam iron burns are the most common.
Branding burns - ANSWER -Much deeper than an accidental collision with the
hot object.
SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome) - ANSWER -Most common in infants 1
week to 1 year - leading cause of death in this age range
Smothering children - ANSWER -the 2nd most likely methodology in child
homicides
Suspect is a stranger in a child death - ANSWER -16% of child deaths attributed
to strangers
Blunt force trauma - ANSWER -Normally blamed as "fell out of bed" or off their
bike or down the stairs if victim is a child
Coup-countercoup - ANSWER -term to describe the point of impact of the brain
to the subdural wall of the skull after the initial blow of the blunt object. Brain
continues to move inside the skull and impacts other side creating a subdural
hematoma.
Shaking baby syndrome (SBS) - ANSWER -normally occurs after incessant
crying, baby shook back and forth resulting in lazy affect in the eyes and blue lips.
Answers Verified 100% Correct
Expectancy - ANSWER -Bias when witness is not completely positive of an
ANSWER. They'll give an ANSWER they would expect, or assume.
Coerced - internalized confession - ANSWER -False confession where innocent
suspect made to believe they committed the crime where people develop a distrust
of their own memory.
Voluntary confession - ANSWER -Give false confession without provocation
Coerced compliant confession - ANSWER -Confess after lengthy interrogation
process and think the short term outweighs long term (being released on bail and
getting high vs. having to go to prison later)
Free and voluntary rule - ANSWER -can't beat a suspect into a confession, or
threaten violence
McNabb v. United States - ANSWER -Must not be "unnecessary delay" in the
production of the suspect before a magistrate. Confession was gained during this
delay, and the subsequent confession was inadmissible despite it being given freely
and voluntarily. From this case came the "delay in arraignment" rule.
Berghuis v. Thomkins - ANSWER -5th amendment case involving Miranda v.
Arizona. Suspect was advised of rights, didn't sign the form, but agreed to speak
with detectives. Confession given, and was later admissible by Supreme Court.
Algor mortis - ANSWER -body cooling - inaccurate way of determining time of
death
Ocular change - ANSWER -cornea becomes cloudy within 2 hours of less if eyes
are open
Ocular change (closed) - ANSWER -if eyes closed, 12-24 hours, 3rd postmortem
day, eyes become opaque
, Rigor mortis - ANSWER -rigidity occurs within 1-3 hours. Complete rigor in 10-
15 hours after jaw and knee locked. After 24-36 hours the muscles begin to relax in
the same order they stiffened.
Livor mortis - ANSWER -pooling of blood inside the skin, can look like bruising,
evident within 30 minutes to 2 hours, "fixed" after 8-12 hours, Before it being
fixed, the livor mortis may move around the body.
Decomposition - ANSWER -A body decomposing above ground for a week looks
similar to a body that has been under water for 2 weeks or has been buried for six
weeks.
Forensic entomologist - ANSWER -test bugs on
Entrance wound - ANSWER -sinks temporarily then regains elasticity
Contusion ring - ANSWER -forms around the entrance of a bullet hole in a human
Contact bullet wound - ANSWER -leaves charring of the skin, black splotches
around the entrance of the bullet
Incise and Stab wounds - ANSWER -Normally if fatal, incise or "cutting" wounds
found in the throat area
Incise and Stab wounds II Most commonly found on face, arms, and legs. -
ANSWER -Stabbing normally fatal if hits an organ
Close proximity of stab wounds - ANSWER -normally indicates incapacitation at
the time of the attack (intox, held down, asleep)
Lacerations - ANSWER -caused by blunt objects and create abnormally shaped
cuts.
Battered child syndrome - ANSWER -Physical abuse to children. Most common
weapons are belts and electric chords.
Burn injuries - ANSWER -make up 10% of child abuse. Infants commonly burned
by water for not responding to toilet training.
, Scald burns - ANSWER -most common deliberate type of burn, and are caused by
heating a liquid and immersing the child in the liquid. Also called immersion
burns.
Immersion burns - ANSWER -the depth of the burn is uniform and there are
"water lines" and possible bruising on the child where they were held into the
liquid
Sparing - ANSWER -describing what a child does when their hand is forcibly
inserted into a burning liquid. They will close their hand to "spare" the inside of the
palm.
Spill/splash injuries - ANSWER -hot liquid falls onto child
Contact burns - ANSWER -something hot held against the skin. Cigarette and
electric steam iron burns are the most common.
Branding burns - ANSWER -Much deeper than an accidental collision with the
hot object.
SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome) - ANSWER -Most common in infants 1
week to 1 year - leading cause of death in this age range
Smothering children - ANSWER -the 2nd most likely methodology in child
homicides
Suspect is a stranger in a child death - ANSWER -16% of child deaths attributed
to strangers
Blunt force trauma - ANSWER -Normally blamed as "fell out of bed" or off their
bike or down the stairs if victim is a child
Coup-countercoup - ANSWER -term to describe the point of impact of the brain
to the subdural wall of the skull after the initial blow of the blunt object. Brain
continues to move inside the skull and impacts other side creating a subdural
hematoma.
Shaking baby syndrome (SBS) - ANSWER -normally occurs after incessant
crying, baby shook back and forth resulting in lazy affect in the eyes and blue lips.
