EXAM 1: PEDORTHICS, 2025/2026 WITH
CORRECT /ACCURATE ANSWERS
PEDORTHICS
Rearfoot (Tarsus), Midfoot (Lesser tarsus), and Forefoot (Metatarsus) -
correct answer.Functional components of the foot
Which bones make up the rearfoot? - correct answer.Calcaneus and talus
>>> The bones of the rearfoot include:
Talus: Also known as the ankle bone, it sits just below the tibia and fibula
(shin bones). It transmits the body's weight from the leg to the foot.
Calcaneus: The heel bone is the largest bone in the foot. It is located
under the talus and forms the prominence of the heel. The Achilles tendon
attaches to the back of the calcaneus.
Which bones make up the midfoot? - correct answer.Navicular and cuboid
>>> The midfoot is composed of five tarsal bones: the navicular, cuboid,
and three cuneiform bones. These bones are located between the ankle
and the toes and form the arches of the foot.
Which bones make up the forefoot? - correct answer.Cuneiforms 1-3 and
digits
Medial column of the foot - correct answer.70% of the load. More flexible.
Composed of the talus, navicular, cuneiforms, and metatarsals 1-3
Lateral column of the foot - correct answer.30% of the load. More rigid.
Composed of the calcaneus, cuboid, and metatarsals 4-5
, Calcaneus - correct answer.Largest bone in the foot, insertion point for the
achilles, articulates with talus and cuboid >>> he largest bone in the foot,
commonly known as the heel bone. It is an irregular, cube-shaped bone
located at the back of the foot, forming the heel's bony prominence. As
one of the seven tarsal bones, the calcaneus is a crucial component of the
hindfoot, along with the talus.
ST groove - correct answer.Limits ST from collapsing medially, which
prevents calcaneal valgus
Talus - correct answer.2nd largest bone, made of articular hyaline
cartilage, lacks good blood supply so healing takes longer. Articulates with
tibia, fibula, calcaneus, and navicular
Neck of talus - correct answer.What do you palpate to check for subtalar
neutral?
6 primary hot spots - correct answer.medial malleolus, lateral malleolus,
1st met head, 5th met head, base of the 5th, and navicular
2 secondary hot spots - correct answer.posterior calcaneus and trochlear
process of calcaneus
Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament aka "spring ligament" - correct
answer.Maintains medial longitudinal arch
Deltoid ligament - correct answer.Tibiotalar, tibionavicular, and
anterior/posterior tibiocalcaneal. Maintains medial longitudinal arch and
prevents eversion
CORRECT /ACCURATE ANSWERS
PEDORTHICS
Rearfoot (Tarsus), Midfoot (Lesser tarsus), and Forefoot (Metatarsus) -
correct answer.Functional components of the foot
Which bones make up the rearfoot? - correct answer.Calcaneus and talus
>>> The bones of the rearfoot include:
Talus: Also known as the ankle bone, it sits just below the tibia and fibula
(shin bones). It transmits the body's weight from the leg to the foot.
Calcaneus: The heel bone is the largest bone in the foot. It is located
under the talus and forms the prominence of the heel. The Achilles tendon
attaches to the back of the calcaneus.
Which bones make up the midfoot? - correct answer.Navicular and cuboid
>>> The midfoot is composed of five tarsal bones: the navicular, cuboid,
and three cuneiform bones. These bones are located between the ankle
and the toes and form the arches of the foot.
Which bones make up the forefoot? - correct answer.Cuneiforms 1-3 and
digits
Medial column of the foot - correct answer.70% of the load. More flexible.
Composed of the talus, navicular, cuneiforms, and metatarsals 1-3
Lateral column of the foot - correct answer.30% of the load. More rigid.
Composed of the calcaneus, cuboid, and metatarsals 4-5
, Calcaneus - correct answer.Largest bone in the foot, insertion point for the
achilles, articulates with talus and cuboid >>> he largest bone in the foot,
commonly known as the heel bone. It is an irregular, cube-shaped bone
located at the back of the foot, forming the heel's bony prominence. As
one of the seven tarsal bones, the calcaneus is a crucial component of the
hindfoot, along with the talus.
ST groove - correct answer.Limits ST from collapsing medially, which
prevents calcaneal valgus
Talus - correct answer.2nd largest bone, made of articular hyaline
cartilage, lacks good blood supply so healing takes longer. Articulates with
tibia, fibula, calcaneus, and navicular
Neck of talus - correct answer.What do you palpate to check for subtalar
neutral?
6 primary hot spots - correct answer.medial malleolus, lateral malleolus,
1st met head, 5th met head, base of the 5th, and navicular
2 secondary hot spots - correct answer.posterior calcaneus and trochlear
process of calcaneus
Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament aka "spring ligament" - correct
answer.Maintains medial longitudinal arch
Deltoid ligament - correct answer.Tibiotalar, tibionavicular, and
anterior/posterior tibiocalcaneal. Maintains medial longitudinal arch and
prevents eversion
