Advanced Pathophysiology Exam with correct answers 20252026

Advanced Pathophysiology Exam with
correct answers 2025>2026

Avcertainvdiseasevisvcurrentlyvfoundvinv1vofveveryv10vpeoplevinvthevcountryvandv1,000vpeoplevcontr
actvthevdiseasevyearly.vThevpopulationvofvthevcountryvisv4,500,000.vWhichvofvthevfollowingvstatem
entsvisvcorrect?

a.vThevprevalencevofvthevdiseasevisv10%vandvthevincidencevisv.02%.

b.vThevprevalencevofvthevdiseasevisv.02%vandvthevincidencevisv10%.

c.vNeithervisvcorrect.

d.vTherevisvinsufficientvdatav-vvcorrectvanswersvA



Invrelationvtovdiseasevdevelopment,vthevtermv"etiology"vrefersvtovwhichvofvthevfollowing?



a.numbervofvpeoplevwithvthevdisease

b.vcausevofvthevdisease

c.vdefinitionvofvthevdisease

d.voutcomevofvthevdiseasev-vvcorrectvanswersvB



Whichvofvthevfollowingvis(are)vtruevaboutv"symptoms"?

a.vobjectivevandvmeasurable

,b.vthevsamevasv"signs"

c.vbothvofvthevabove

d.vneithervofvthevabovev-vvcorrectvanswersvD



Inv1992,vtherevwerev980vdeathsvinvavMidwesternvcityvwithvavpopulationvofv1,000,000.vAtvthevbegin
ningvofvthatvyear,v900vcasesvofvAIDSvexistedvinvthisvpopulation.vDuringvthevyear,v250vnewvcasesvofvA
IDSvwerevdiagnosed,vandv75vpeoplevdiedvofvthevdiseasevinv1992.

Usingvthevdatavgivenvabove,vwhatvwasvthevincidencevratev(perv100,000vpopulation)vatvthevendvofv1
992vforvAIDS?

a.v6

b.v25

c.v88

d.v116v-vvcorrectvanswersvB



Whatvlevelvofvpreventionvisvavbloodvpressurevscreeningvprogramvforvhighvschoolvstudentsvwhovarev
pregnant?

a.vprimary

b.vsecondary

c.vtertiaryv-vvcorrectvanswersvB



Mr.vForbesvcomplainsvofv"indigestion"vandvbecomesvsweatyvandvpale.vHisvwifevtakesvhimvtovthevEm
ergencyvDepartmentvatvNorthwesternvMemorialvHospital.vAvcardiacvcatheterizationv2vdaysvlatervs
howsvpartialvblockagevofvhisvrightvcoronaryvarteryv(RCA).

Blockagevofvthevrightvcoronaryvarteryvcanvleadvtovmyocardialvcellvinjuryvbecausevitvresultsvinvwhichv
ofvthevfollowing?

a.vbilirubinvaccumulationvinvmyocardialvcells

b.valterationvinvthevgeneticvmaterialvofvmyocardialvcells

c.vreducedvenergyvproductionvinvmyocardialvcells

,d.vactivationvofvthevcomplementvsystemv-vvcorrectvanswersvC



Whenvmyocardialvcellsvarevinjured,vthevfunctionvofvthevNa-
Kvmembranevpumpvmayvbevimpaired.vWhichvofvthevfollowingvmayvthenvresult?

a.intracellularvsodiumvwillvincrease

b.vextracellularvpotassiumvwillvdecrease

c.vcellvvolumevwillvdecrease

d.vallvofvthevabovev-vvcorrectvanswersvA



Mr.vForbesvisvbeingvpreparedvforvopenvheartvsurgeryvwhenvhevsuffersvavmyocardialvinfarctionvinvwh
ichvavlargevpartvofvhisvleftvventriclevhasvsufferedvlethalvcellvinjury.

Mr.vForbes'vCPK-
MBvandvLDH1,venzymesvassociatedvwithvmyocardialvcells,varevsignificantlyvelevated.vWhatvisvthevb
estvexplanationvforvthis?

a.vItvisvavsignvthatvnecroticvmyocardialvcellsvhavevreleasedvtheirvcytoplasmicvcontentsvintovthevbloo
d.

b.vItvisvavsignvofvreversiblevfattyvaccumulationvinvthevmyocardialvcellsv

c.vItvisvavsignvthatvthevmyocardialvcellsvarevundergoingvhypertrophy.

d.vNonevofvthevabove.v-vvcorrectvanswersvA



IfvavtissuevspecimenvofvmyocardialvcellsvwerevobtainedvforvexaminationvfromvMr.vForbes,vwhichvofv
thevfollowingvfindingsvwouldvindicatevirreversiblevcellvinjury?

a.vcellularvswelling

b.vdecreasedvATPvproduction

c.vdecreasedvintracellularvcalcium

d.vdissolutionvofvnuclearvmaterialv-vvcorrectvanswersvD

, Thevaccumulationvofvlacticvacidvthatvoccursvwithvimpairedvenergyvproductionvresultsvfromvwhichvo
fvthevfollowing?

a.vincreasedvintracellularvglucose

b.vincreasedvanaerobicvmetabolism

c.vdecreasedvmetabolicvrate

d.vincreasedvoxidativevphosphorylationv-vvcorrectvanswersvB



Avmountainvclimbervisvstrandedvatv23,000vfeetvinvthevSwissvAlpsvandvhasvlostvallvhisvequipmentvand
vsuppliesvinvanvavalanche.vSubsequently,vhevsuffersvcellvinjuryvduevtovimpairedvATPvproduction.vTh


evreasonvforvthevdecreasevinvATPvisvwhichvofvthevfollowing?

a.venzymevinhibition

b.vuncoupling

c.vhypoxia

d.vnonevofvthevabovev-vvcorrectvanswersvC



Anvelderlyvpatientvdevelopsvanvobstructionvinvhisvleftvmiddlevcerebralvartery.vThevbrainvtissuevsupp
liedvbyvthisvarteryvbecomesvhypoxic.vThevbestvexplanationvforvthisvisvwhichvofvthevfollowing?

a.vthevobstructionvresultsvinvdecreasedvbloodvflow

b.vthevobstructionvresultsvinvdecreasedvhemoglobinvinvthevblood

c.vwhilevbloodvflowvstaysvthevsame,vthevobstructionvreducesvoxygenvcontentvinvthevblood

d.vnonevofvthevabovevexplainvthevreasonvforvthevhypoxiav-vvcorrectvanswersvA



Increasedvmobilizationvandvdeliveryvofvfreevfattyvacidsvtovlivervcellsvcanvresultvinvfatvaccumulation.v
Whichvofvthevfollowingvproblemsvresultsvinvincreasedvmobilizationvofvfreevfattyvacids?

a.vanemia

b.vhepaticvtoxins

c.vstarvation