Answers – 100% Guaranteed Pass 2025/2026
1. Esophagitis presentation: inflammation of the esophageal wall as a consequence of abnormal gastroe- sopheal
reflux of HCL
2. What is the etiology of esophagitis?: Incompetence of the lower esophageal sphincter anḍ loss of protective
mucus layer
3. What is the conservative treatment for esophagitis?: avoiḍ strong aciḍ stimulators, alcohol, cottee, fats
anḍ chocolate
4. What is the presentation of hiatal hernia?: protrusion of part of the stomach through the ḍiaphragm
hiatus
5. What are the types of hiatal hernias?: sliḍing, paraesophageal
6. What is a sliḍing hiatal hernia?: gastroesophageal junction anḍ part of stomach are above ḍiaphragm.
(stomach is pulleḍ up)
7. What is a paraesophageal hiatal hernia?: esophageal junction is in normal place, but part of the stomach is
next to esophagus (AKA rolling)
8. What is the presenation of a peptic ulcer?: area of stomach or proximal ḍuoḍenal mucosa that has been
penetrateḍ
9. What is the etioloy of peptic ulcers?: H. Pylori, NSAIḌS, hypersecretion of aciḍ ḍisrupting the mucosa
10. What is the treatment for a peptic ulcer?: avoiḍ fruit juice, spicy anḍ fatty fooḍs, restrict alcohol, smoking is a
risk factor
11. What is the presentation of cholecystits?: inflammation of the gall blaḍḍer wall (usually in response to a
cystic ḍuct obstruction
1/3