ADVANCED PATHOLOGY NR 507- FINAL EXAM
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
The type of treatment prescribed will depend on the severity of the
symptoms. The following combination of treatments may be prescribed based
on the severity of the acne: - CORRECT ANSWERS- Topical retinoid
Benzoyl peroxide
Topical antibiotic
Isotretinoin
Inflammatory acne - CORRECT ANSWERS- Papules that are tender to touch
Pustules that contain pus with a white/yellow tip
Nodules
Cyst
Non-Inflammatory acne - CORRECT ANSWERS- Whiteheads
Blackheads
Closed comedones
Open comedones
basal cell carcinioma - CORRECT ANSWERS- is the most common form of skin
cancer and involves cells in the stratum basale
,are slow-growing localized tumors and rarely metastasize
the lesions are shiny, elevated, and well-circumscribed
Actinic keratosis is - CORRECT ANSWERS- a precursor to squamous cell
carcinoma where keratinocytes are damaged by radiation and begin to
overproduce keratin.
Over time, the damaged keratinocytes can develop into squamous cell
carcinoma.
Squamous cell carcinoma - CORRECT ANSWERS- It is the second most
common form of skin cancer which involves squamous keratinocytes.
There is a precancerous lesion that can turn into squamous cell carcinoma.
This is known as actinic keratosis
The early stage of squamous cell carcinoma is also known as Bowen's disease
or squamous cell carcinoma in situ.
At this point, the tumor can be found in the epidermis but has not yet broken
through the basement membrane.
,The tumor cells are atypical, enlarged and over-pigmented.
As squamous cell carcinoma becomes more invasive, it can break through the
basement membrane and extend into the dermis and even the hypodermis. At
this point, it is more likely to metastasize.
Tumor cells at the advanced stages vary in their degree of maturity, have
abnormal shapes and overproduce keratin to form pearls.
the biggest contributors of skin cancer development. - CORRECT ANSWERS-
the biggest environmental factor is UV exposure from the sun or tanning
booths. Often the risk for developing skin cancer increases as sun exposure
over a lifetime accumulates.
Some viral infections (e.g. human papilloma virus (HPV)) may be a factor
as well as immunosuppression.
Finally, having light skin can also contribute to the development of skin
cancer.
Melanoma - CORRECT ANSWERS- is the most aggressive form of skin cancer.
, This type of skin cancer involves melanocytes. Melanocytic nevus (mole)
results from a type of melanocyte that overproduces melanin. These moles are
considered pre-cancerous because they carry an increased risk of becoming a
melanoma. They can appear as small, oval, tan, pink, black or brown spots.
They can be flat or elevated.
grows horizontally within the epidermis and superficial dermis as well as
vertically to invade the dermis
Metastasis is most associated with the depth of invasion
Melanoma worrisome signs can be remembered using the mnemonic: ABCDE:
- CORRECT ANSWERS- Asymmetrical lesions
Borders are irregular or notched
Coloration varies within the same lesion
Diameter is larger than the size of a pencil eraser
Evolves rapidly over time and causes skin elevation.
The tumor cells will have large nuclei with irregular contours and produce
melanin in a variety of colors (brown, red, dark blue, and gray).
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
The type of treatment prescribed will depend on the severity of the
symptoms. The following combination of treatments may be prescribed based
on the severity of the acne: - CORRECT ANSWERS- Topical retinoid
Benzoyl peroxide
Topical antibiotic
Isotretinoin
Inflammatory acne - CORRECT ANSWERS- Papules that are tender to touch
Pustules that contain pus with a white/yellow tip
Nodules
Cyst
Non-Inflammatory acne - CORRECT ANSWERS- Whiteheads
Blackheads
Closed comedones
Open comedones
basal cell carcinioma - CORRECT ANSWERS- is the most common form of skin
cancer and involves cells in the stratum basale
,are slow-growing localized tumors and rarely metastasize
the lesions are shiny, elevated, and well-circumscribed
Actinic keratosis is - CORRECT ANSWERS- a precursor to squamous cell
carcinoma where keratinocytes are damaged by radiation and begin to
overproduce keratin.
Over time, the damaged keratinocytes can develop into squamous cell
carcinoma.
Squamous cell carcinoma - CORRECT ANSWERS- It is the second most
common form of skin cancer which involves squamous keratinocytes.
There is a precancerous lesion that can turn into squamous cell carcinoma.
This is known as actinic keratosis
The early stage of squamous cell carcinoma is also known as Bowen's disease
or squamous cell carcinoma in situ.
At this point, the tumor can be found in the epidermis but has not yet broken
through the basement membrane.
,The tumor cells are atypical, enlarged and over-pigmented.
As squamous cell carcinoma becomes more invasive, it can break through the
basement membrane and extend into the dermis and even the hypodermis. At
this point, it is more likely to metastasize.
Tumor cells at the advanced stages vary in their degree of maturity, have
abnormal shapes and overproduce keratin to form pearls.
the biggest contributors of skin cancer development. - CORRECT ANSWERS-
the biggest environmental factor is UV exposure from the sun or tanning
booths. Often the risk for developing skin cancer increases as sun exposure
over a lifetime accumulates.
Some viral infections (e.g. human papilloma virus (HPV)) may be a factor
as well as immunosuppression.
Finally, having light skin can also contribute to the development of skin
cancer.
Melanoma - CORRECT ANSWERS- is the most aggressive form of skin cancer.
, This type of skin cancer involves melanocytes. Melanocytic nevus (mole)
results from a type of melanocyte that overproduces melanin. These moles are
considered pre-cancerous because they carry an increased risk of becoming a
melanoma. They can appear as small, oval, tan, pink, black or brown spots.
They can be flat or elevated.
grows horizontally within the epidermis and superficial dermis as well as
vertically to invade the dermis
Metastasis is most associated with the depth of invasion
Melanoma worrisome signs can be remembered using the mnemonic: ABCDE:
- CORRECT ANSWERS- Asymmetrical lesions
Borders are irregular or notched
Coloration varies within the same lesion
Diameter is larger than the size of a pencil eraser
Evolves rapidly over time and causes skin elevation.
The tumor cells will have large nuclei with irregular contours and produce
melanin in a variety of colors (brown, red, dark blue, and gray).
