GEOL 109 ACTUAL Exam
2 WITH QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS GRADED A+
GUARANTEED 100%
PASS
The oldest types of terrains on both the Moon and Mercury are
________________________. - ANSWER-heavily cratered terrain
,Heavily cratered terrain is older than terrain with less craters, since cratering rate has
decreased with time.
Which of the following features are found on the Moon and Mercury? (Check all that
apply) - ANSWER--flood lavas
-multi-ring basins
-impact craters
-faults related to contraction
NOT: dunes
All but dunes are found on both the Moon and Mercury. Dunes do not exist because
there is not atmosphere to move particles to form them.
Which image shows a feature that formed by contraction of Mercury's surface? -
ANSWER-B
Contraction produces lobate features, while extension produces linear valleys.
Which of the following tectonic processes are thought to have occurred on Mercury?
(Check all that apply) - ANSWER--thrust faulting due to contraction of the planet
-graben formation due to extension
Both extensional and contractional tectonics have occurred on Mercury. Extension
produces graben while contraction produces thrust faults. It is important to remember
extension cannot produce thrust faults nor contractions produce grabens.
Mercury's smooth plains ____________________. - ANSWER-may be similar in origin
to the lunar maria
The smooth plains have few craters compared to the heavily cratered terrain and
resemble the lunar maria.
One of these impact craters is on the Moon and the other is on Mercury. Click on the
one on Mercury. - ANSWER-A
Crater A has secondary impacts close to the rim, while B has secondary craters farther
from the crater.
What explains for Mercury's iron large core? Choose the two most likely. - ANSWER--
Mercury formed near the Sun in a zone that was oxygen-poor and rich in metallic iron.
-A large impact stripped away the silicate shell from an already differentiated Mercury.
There are two main theories as to why Mercury has such a large iron core. The first is,
Mercury accreted in an oxygen-poor area that allowed iron to remain in its metallic state
allowing close to all of the iron to segregate in the core.
,The second hypothesis is a giant impact knocked off much of Mercury's mantle without
affecting the core, so now the core is large compared to Mercury's diameter.
Lesson 17 - Mars: The Red Planet - ANSWER-...
Although both Mercury and Mars have similar gravity fields, Mars has an atmosphere
whereas Mercury does not. What is a possible explanation? - ANSWER-Mars is more
volatile rich.
Because Mars accreted further from the Sun than Mercury, Mars has a greater amount
of volatiles. These volatiles were outgassed and released past the surface of Mars
where they were trapped by the gravity field of Mars.
Which planetary body has (basically) no magnetic field today? - ANSWER-Mars
Though Mars is larger than Mercury it does not have a present magnetic field. There is
evidence within martian rocks that show there was one in the past, but there is not an
active one today.
Which of the following are important differences between the nature of the martian
hemispheres (north and south)? (Mark all that apply) - ANSWER--ages
-number of young volcanoes and volcanic plains
-elevations
-the number of impact craters
The northern and southern hemispheres are very different in almost every aspect.
Including ages, crater density, volcanic activity, and elevations.
What is the evidence for ground ice (or ground water) on Mars? Choose all correct
answers. - ANSWER--fluidized crater-ejecta patterns
-chaotic (collapse) terrains
Evidence of water on Mars is seen in impact features produced by melted water and the
chaotic terrain produced by flowing water.
This is a colored topographic map of Mars, with high elevations in brown and white and
low elevations in blue. Click on the VALLES MARINERIS. - ANSWER-blue, looks like
scratches or a big scar
This is a colored topographic map of Mars, with high elevations in brown and white and
low elevations in blue. Click anywhere in the CRATERED HIGHLANDS. - ANSWER-all
the yellow, cratered part
This is a colored topographic map of Mars, with high elevations in brown and white and
low elevations in blue. Click anywhere in the YOUNGEST PLAINS. - ANSWER-on top,
blue, smooth, uncratered
, This is a colored topographic map of Mars, with high elevations in brown and white and
low elevations in blue. Click on the volcanoes of the THARSIS BULGE. - ANSWER-
looks like a pyramid with one big volcano at top and three on bottom
This is a colored topographic map of Mars, with high elevations in brown and white and
low elevations in blue. Click on a THICK SHEET OF ICE. - ANSWER-red part at the
bottom
How did these vast valleys on Mars form? - ANSWER-The outflow valleys were eroded
by liquid water.
Flowing water erodes the landscape and produces sinuous stream channels that flow
from higher elevation (left) to lower elevation (right).
Lesson 18 - Mars: Atmosphere and Hydrosphere - ANSWER-...
Martian valley networks are ____________________________________. - ANSWER-
restricted in occurrence to the oldest part of Mars
Water flows from higher to lower elevation. This means, on Mars, the water channels
will flow from the southern highlands to the northern lowlands.
The outflow channels on Mars are different from river systems on Earth in what way? -
ANSWER-they appear to come from below the surface and lack extensive collection
systems
The lack of similar tributaries connected with the large outflow channels suggest water
did not flow from other places into a larger channel. Instead, the outflow channels
connection with chaotic terrain suggest the water came from melting large quantities of
water ice in the chaotic terrain. This melting released huge volumes of water that
produced the outflow channels.
The largest dune fields on Mars are ____________________. - ANSWER-in the polar
regions
The largest dune fields are seen in the polar regions of Mars.
Why does Mars lack a well-integrated hydrologic system? - ANSWER-It is too cold.
No flowing water presently the vast amounts of water ice in the ground and polar
regions suggest it is too cold for water to flow as a fluid on the surface today.
Which of these geologic features are not found on all of the following planets—Mercury,
Mars, and Earth? (Choose all that apply) - ANSWER--sand dunes
-river valleys
2 WITH QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS GRADED A+
GUARANTEED 100%
PASS
The oldest types of terrains on both the Moon and Mercury are
________________________. - ANSWER-heavily cratered terrain
,Heavily cratered terrain is older than terrain with less craters, since cratering rate has
decreased with time.
Which of the following features are found on the Moon and Mercury? (Check all that
apply) - ANSWER--flood lavas
-multi-ring basins
-impact craters
-faults related to contraction
NOT: dunes
All but dunes are found on both the Moon and Mercury. Dunes do not exist because
there is not atmosphere to move particles to form them.
Which image shows a feature that formed by contraction of Mercury's surface? -
ANSWER-B
Contraction produces lobate features, while extension produces linear valleys.
Which of the following tectonic processes are thought to have occurred on Mercury?
(Check all that apply) - ANSWER--thrust faulting due to contraction of the planet
-graben formation due to extension
Both extensional and contractional tectonics have occurred on Mercury. Extension
produces graben while contraction produces thrust faults. It is important to remember
extension cannot produce thrust faults nor contractions produce grabens.
Mercury's smooth plains ____________________. - ANSWER-may be similar in origin
to the lunar maria
The smooth plains have few craters compared to the heavily cratered terrain and
resemble the lunar maria.
One of these impact craters is on the Moon and the other is on Mercury. Click on the
one on Mercury. - ANSWER-A
Crater A has secondary impacts close to the rim, while B has secondary craters farther
from the crater.
What explains for Mercury's iron large core? Choose the two most likely. - ANSWER--
Mercury formed near the Sun in a zone that was oxygen-poor and rich in metallic iron.
-A large impact stripped away the silicate shell from an already differentiated Mercury.
There are two main theories as to why Mercury has such a large iron core. The first is,
Mercury accreted in an oxygen-poor area that allowed iron to remain in its metallic state
allowing close to all of the iron to segregate in the core.
,The second hypothesis is a giant impact knocked off much of Mercury's mantle without
affecting the core, so now the core is large compared to Mercury's diameter.
Lesson 17 - Mars: The Red Planet - ANSWER-...
Although both Mercury and Mars have similar gravity fields, Mars has an atmosphere
whereas Mercury does not. What is a possible explanation? - ANSWER-Mars is more
volatile rich.
Because Mars accreted further from the Sun than Mercury, Mars has a greater amount
of volatiles. These volatiles were outgassed and released past the surface of Mars
where they were trapped by the gravity field of Mars.
Which planetary body has (basically) no magnetic field today? - ANSWER-Mars
Though Mars is larger than Mercury it does not have a present magnetic field. There is
evidence within martian rocks that show there was one in the past, but there is not an
active one today.
Which of the following are important differences between the nature of the martian
hemispheres (north and south)? (Mark all that apply) - ANSWER--ages
-number of young volcanoes and volcanic plains
-elevations
-the number of impact craters
The northern and southern hemispheres are very different in almost every aspect.
Including ages, crater density, volcanic activity, and elevations.
What is the evidence for ground ice (or ground water) on Mars? Choose all correct
answers. - ANSWER--fluidized crater-ejecta patterns
-chaotic (collapse) terrains
Evidence of water on Mars is seen in impact features produced by melted water and the
chaotic terrain produced by flowing water.
This is a colored topographic map of Mars, with high elevations in brown and white and
low elevations in blue. Click on the VALLES MARINERIS. - ANSWER-blue, looks like
scratches or a big scar
This is a colored topographic map of Mars, with high elevations in brown and white and
low elevations in blue. Click anywhere in the CRATERED HIGHLANDS. - ANSWER-all
the yellow, cratered part
This is a colored topographic map of Mars, with high elevations in brown and white and
low elevations in blue. Click anywhere in the YOUNGEST PLAINS. - ANSWER-on top,
blue, smooth, uncratered
, This is a colored topographic map of Mars, with high elevations in brown and white and
low elevations in blue. Click on the volcanoes of the THARSIS BULGE. - ANSWER-
looks like a pyramid with one big volcano at top and three on bottom
This is a colored topographic map of Mars, with high elevations in brown and white and
low elevations in blue. Click on a THICK SHEET OF ICE. - ANSWER-red part at the
bottom
How did these vast valleys on Mars form? - ANSWER-The outflow valleys were eroded
by liquid water.
Flowing water erodes the landscape and produces sinuous stream channels that flow
from higher elevation (left) to lower elevation (right).
Lesson 18 - Mars: Atmosphere and Hydrosphere - ANSWER-...
Martian valley networks are ____________________________________. - ANSWER-
restricted in occurrence to the oldest part of Mars
Water flows from higher to lower elevation. This means, on Mars, the water channels
will flow from the southern highlands to the northern lowlands.
The outflow channels on Mars are different from river systems on Earth in what way? -
ANSWER-they appear to come from below the surface and lack extensive collection
systems
The lack of similar tributaries connected with the large outflow channels suggest water
did not flow from other places into a larger channel. Instead, the outflow channels
connection with chaotic terrain suggest the water came from melting large quantities of
water ice in the chaotic terrain. This melting released huge volumes of water that
produced the outflow channels.
The largest dune fields on Mars are ____________________. - ANSWER-in the polar
regions
The largest dune fields are seen in the polar regions of Mars.
Why does Mars lack a well-integrated hydrologic system? - ANSWER-It is too cold.
No flowing water presently the vast amounts of water ice in the ground and polar
regions suggest it is too cold for water to flow as a fluid on the surface today.
Which of these geologic features are not found on all of the following planets—Mercury,
Mars, and Earth? (Choose all that apply) - ANSWER--sand dunes
-river valleys
