, Chapter 01: Perspectives of Pediatric Nursing
Hockenberry: Wong’s Nursing Care of Infants and Children, 12th
Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What is the major cause of death for children in the United States?
a. Heart disease
b. Childhood cancer
c. Injuries
d. Congenital anomalies
CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅ C
Unintentional injuries (accidents) are the leading cause of death after age 1 year through adolescence.
The leading cause of death for those younger than 1 year is congenital anomalies, and childhood
cancers and heart disease cause a significantly lower percentage of deaths in children older than 1
year of age.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding TOP: Nursing Process:
Planning MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
2. Parents of a hospitalized toddler ask the registered nurse, “What is meant by family-centered
care?” The registered nurse should respond with which statement?
a. Family-centered care reduces the effect of cultural diversity on the family.
b. Family-centered care encourages family dependence on the health care system.
c. Family-centered care recognizes that the family is the constant in a child’s life.
d. Family-centered care avoids expecting families to be part of the decision-making
process.
CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅ C
The three key components of family-centered care are respect, collaboration, and support. Family-
centered care recognizes the family as the constant in the child’s life. The family should be enabled
and empowered to work with the health care system and is expected to be part of the decision-making
process. The registered nurse should also support the family’s cultural diversity, not reduce its effect.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying TOP: Nursing Process:
Implementation MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
3. Evidence-based practice (EBP), a decision-making model, is best described as which?
a. Using information in textbooks to guide care
b. Combining knowledge with clinical experience and intuition
c. Using a professional code of ethics as a means for decision making
d. Gathering all evidence that applies to the child’s health and family situation
CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅ B
EBP helps focus on measurable outcomes; the use of demonstrated, effective interventions; and
questioning the best approach. EBP involves decision making based on the integration of the best
research evidence combined with clinical expertise and client values.
,Wong's Nursing Care of Infants and Children 12th Edition by Hockenberry Test Bank
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering TOP: Nursing Process:
Planning MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment
4. The registered nurse is talking to a group of parents of school-age children at an after-school
program about childhood health problems. Which statement should the registered nurse include
in the teaching?
a. Childhood obesity is the most common nutritional problem among children.
b. Immunization rates are the same among children of different races and ethnicity.
c. Dental caries is not a problem commonly seen in children since the introduction of
fluorinated water.
d. Mental health problems are typically not seen in school-age children but may be
diagnosed in adolescents.
CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅ A
When teaching parents of school-age children about childhood health problems, the registered nurse
should include information about childhood obesity because it is the most common problem among
children and is associated with type 2 diabetes. Teaching parents about ways to prevent obesity is
important to include. Immunization rates differ depending on the child’s race and ethnicity; dental
caries continues to be a common chronic disease in childhood; and mental health problems are seen in
children as young as school age, not just in adolescents.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying TOP: Integrated Process:
Teaching/Learning MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
5. The registered nurse is planning care for a hospitalized preschool-aged child. Which should the
registered nurse plan to ensure atraumatic care?
a. Limit explanation of procedures because the child is preschool aged.
b. Ask that all family members leave the room when performing procedures.
c. Allow the child to choose the type of juice to drink with the administration of oral
medications.
d. Explain that EMLA cream cannot be used for the morning lab draw because there
is not time for it to be effective.
CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅ C
The overriding goal in providing atraumatic care is first, do no harm. Allowing the child, a choice of
juice to drink when taking oral medications provides the child with a sense of control. The preschool
child should be prepared before procedures, so limiting explanations of procedures would increase
anxiety. The family should be allowed to stay with the child during procedures, minimizing stress.
Lidocaine/prilocaine (EMLA) cream is a topical local anesthetic. The registered nurse should plan to use
the prescribed cream in time for morning laboratory draws to minimize pain.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying TOP: Nursing Process:
Planning MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
6. Which situation denotes a nontherapeutic registered nurse–client –family relationship?
a. The registered nurse is planning to read a favorite fairy tale to a client .
b. During shift report, the registered nurse is criticizing parents for not visiting their
child.
c. The registered nurse is discussing with a fellow registered nurse the emotional
draw to a certain client .
d. The registered nurse is working with a family to find ways to decrease the family’s
dependence on health care providers.
, Wong's Nursing Care of Infants and Children 12th Edition by Hockenberry Test Bank
CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅ B
Criticizing parents for not visiting in shift report is nontherapeutic and shows an under involvement
with the parents. Reading a fairy tale is a therapeutic and age-appropriate action. Discussing feelings
of an emotional draw with a fellow registered nurse is therapeutic and shows a willingness to
understand feelings. Working with parents to decrease dependence on health care providers is
therapeutic and helps to empower the family.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyzing TOP: Integrated Process:
Caring MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
7. The registered nurse is aware that which age-group is at risk for childhood injury because of
the cognitive characteristic of magical and egocentric thinking?
a. Preschool
b. Young school age
c. Middle school age
d. Adolescent
CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅ A
Preschool children have the cognitive characteristic of magical and egocentric thinking, meaning they
are unable to comprehend danger to self or others. Young and middle school-aged children have
transitional cognitive processes, and they may attempt dangerous acts without detailed planning but
recognize danger to themselves or others. Adolescents have formal operational cognitive processes
and are preoccupied with abstract thinking.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment
8. The school registered nurse is assessing children for risk factors related to childhood injuries.
Which child has the most risk factors related to childhood injury?
a. Female, multiple siblings, stable home life
b. Male, high activity level, stressful home life
c. Male, even tempered, history of previous injuries
d. Female, reacts negatively to new situations, no serious previous injuries
CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅ B
Boys have a preponderance for injuries over girls because of a difference in behavioral characteristics,
a high activity temperament is associated with risk-taking behaviors, and stress predisposes children to
increased risk taking and self-destructive behaviors. Therefore, a male child with a high activity level
and living in a stressful environment has the highest number of risk factors. A girl with several
siblings and a stable home life is low risk. A boy with previous injuries has two risk factors, but an
even temper is not a risk factor for injuries. A girl who reacts negatively to new situations but has no
previous serious illnesses has only one risk factor.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyzing TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment
9. An adolescent client wants to make decisions about treatment options, along with his parents. Which
moral value is the registered nurse displaying when supporting the adolescent to make decisions?
a. Justice
Hockenberry: Wong’s Nursing Care of Infants and Children, 12th
Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What is the major cause of death for children in the United States?
a. Heart disease
b. Childhood cancer
c. Injuries
d. Congenital anomalies
CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅ C
Unintentional injuries (accidents) are the leading cause of death after age 1 year through adolescence.
The leading cause of death for those younger than 1 year is congenital anomalies, and childhood
cancers and heart disease cause a significantly lower percentage of deaths in children older than 1
year of age.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding TOP: Nursing Process:
Planning MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
2. Parents of a hospitalized toddler ask the registered nurse, “What is meant by family-centered
care?” The registered nurse should respond with which statement?
a. Family-centered care reduces the effect of cultural diversity on the family.
b. Family-centered care encourages family dependence on the health care system.
c. Family-centered care recognizes that the family is the constant in a child’s life.
d. Family-centered care avoids expecting families to be part of the decision-making
process.
CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅ C
The three key components of family-centered care are respect, collaboration, and support. Family-
centered care recognizes the family as the constant in the child’s life. The family should be enabled
and empowered to work with the health care system and is expected to be part of the decision-making
process. The registered nurse should also support the family’s cultural diversity, not reduce its effect.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying TOP: Nursing Process:
Implementation MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
3. Evidence-based practice (EBP), a decision-making model, is best described as which?
a. Using information in textbooks to guide care
b. Combining knowledge with clinical experience and intuition
c. Using a professional code of ethics as a means for decision making
d. Gathering all evidence that applies to the child’s health and family situation
CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅ B
EBP helps focus on measurable outcomes; the use of demonstrated, effective interventions; and
questioning the best approach. EBP involves decision making based on the integration of the best
research evidence combined with clinical expertise and client values.
,Wong's Nursing Care of Infants and Children 12th Edition by Hockenberry Test Bank
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering TOP: Nursing Process:
Planning MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment
4. The registered nurse is talking to a group of parents of school-age children at an after-school
program about childhood health problems. Which statement should the registered nurse include
in the teaching?
a. Childhood obesity is the most common nutritional problem among children.
b. Immunization rates are the same among children of different races and ethnicity.
c. Dental caries is not a problem commonly seen in children since the introduction of
fluorinated water.
d. Mental health problems are typically not seen in school-age children but may be
diagnosed in adolescents.
CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅ A
When teaching parents of school-age children about childhood health problems, the registered nurse
should include information about childhood obesity because it is the most common problem among
children and is associated with type 2 diabetes. Teaching parents about ways to prevent obesity is
important to include. Immunization rates differ depending on the child’s race and ethnicity; dental
caries continues to be a common chronic disease in childhood; and mental health problems are seen in
children as young as school age, not just in adolescents.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying TOP: Integrated Process:
Teaching/Learning MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
5. The registered nurse is planning care for a hospitalized preschool-aged child. Which should the
registered nurse plan to ensure atraumatic care?
a. Limit explanation of procedures because the child is preschool aged.
b. Ask that all family members leave the room when performing procedures.
c. Allow the child to choose the type of juice to drink with the administration of oral
medications.
d. Explain that EMLA cream cannot be used for the morning lab draw because there
is not time for it to be effective.
CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅ C
The overriding goal in providing atraumatic care is first, do no harm. Allowing the child, a choice of
juice to drink when taking oral medications provides the child with a sense of control. The preschool
child should be prepared before procedures, so limiting explanations of procedures would increase
anxiety. The family should be allowed to stay with the child during procedures, minimizing stress.
Lidocaine/prilocaine (EMLA) cream is a topical local anesthetic. The registered nurse should plan to use
the prescribed cream in time for morning laboratory draws to minimize pain.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying TOP: Nursing Process:
Planning MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
6. Which situation denotes a nontherapeutic registered nurse–client –family relationship?
a. The registered nurse is planning to read a favorite fairy tale to a client .
b. During shift report, the registered nurse is criticizing parents for not visiting their
child.
c. The registered nurse is discussing with a fellow registered nurse the emotional
draw to a certain client .
d. The registered nurse is working with a family to find ways to decrease the family’s
dependence on health care providers.
, Wong's Nursing Care of Infants and Children 12th Edition by Hockenberry Test Bank
CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅ B
Criticizing parents for not visiting in shift report is nontherapeutic and shows an under involvement
with the parents. Reading a fairy tale is a therapeutic and age-appropriate action. Discussing feelings
of an emotional draw with a fellow registered nurse is therapeutic and shows a willingness to
understand feelings. Working with parents to decrease dependence on health care providers is
therapeutic and helps to empower the family.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyzing TOP: Integrated Process:
Caring MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
7. The registered nurse is aware that which age-group is at risk for childhood injury because of
the cognitive characteristic of magical and egocentric thinking?
a. Preschool
b. Young school age
c. Middle school age
d. Adolescent
CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅ A
Preschool children have the cognitive characteristic of magical and egocentric thinking, meaning they
are unable to comprehend danger to self or others. Young and middle school-aged children have
transitional cognitive processes, and they may attempt dangerous acts without detailed planning but
recognize danger to themselves or others. Adolescents have formal operational cognitive processes
and are preoccupied with abstract thinking.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment
8. The school registered nurse is assessing children for risk factors related to childhood injuries.
Which child has the most risk factors related to childhood injury?
a. Female, multiple siblings, stable home life
b. Male, high activity level, stressful home life
c. Male, even tempered, history of previous injuries
d. Female, reacts negatively to new situations, no serious previous injuries
CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅ B
Boys have a preponderance for injuries over girls because of a difference in behavioral characteristics,
a high activity temperament is associated with risk-taking behaviors, and stress predisposes children to
increased risk taking and self-destructive behaviors. Therefore, a male child with a high activity level
and living in a stressful environment has the highest number of risk factors. A girl with several
siblings and a stable home life is low risk. A boy with previous injuries has two risk factors, but an
even temper is not a risk factor for injuries. A girl who reacts negatively to new situations but has no
previous serious illnesses has only one risk factor.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyzing TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment
9. An adolescent client wants to make decisions about treatment options, along with his parents. Which
moral value is the registered nurse displaying when supporting the adolescent to make decisions?
a. Justice
