Nurs 212 Exam 1 2026 Questions and
Answers
Approaches to defining profession - Correct answer-Process approach
Power approach
Trait approach
Process approach - Correct answer-All are in a state of development
Found somewhere along a continuum
Not an either/or situation
Power approach - Correct answer-How much "power" does the group have?
How independent is
the group?
How did the group get its independence?
Money and political influence become critical.
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,Trait approach - Correct answer-Looks at "traits" criteria or characteristics that are
found in true professions.
If the group meets the criteria, then it is considered a profession.
This is the most common way of defining a profession.
Who determines what traits are used?
Commonly Accepted
Traits of a Profession - Correct answer-1. Provides services vital to human and
social welfare
2. Has its own special body of knowledge on which it builds its skills and services
3. Involves essentially intellectual operations
4. Activities involve high levels of individual responsibility
5. Educates its members in institutions of higher education
6. Establishes and controls it own policies and activities
7. Members have a relatively high degree of independence in practice
8. Attracts individuals whose primary motives are service, not gain
9. Members see it as their life's work (career)
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,10. Has a code of ethics that guides the conduct of its practitioners
11. Has a professional organization that fosters and insures quality of practice
12. Practitioners must be able to demonstrate competency in order to practice
13. Requires licensure to protect the public
What is nursing? - Correct answer-Caregiver, comforter, decision-maker,
protector/client advocate, manager, rehabilitator, communicator, teacher
Primary sources for power - Correct answer-Reward (reward power)
Coercion (coercive power)- using force or threats
Legal act (legitimate power)
Close personal relationships (referent power)
Knowledge (expert power)
Use of media (informational power); can influence opinions
Florence Nightingale - Correct answer-Took 37 nurses to Crimean War (1854-
1856) - and through attention to cleaning, asepsis, and hygiene she dropped
mortality rate from 42% to 2%
1860 founded first school for nurses at St. Thomas Hospital, London
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, "Lady with the lamp"
Dorothea L. Dix - Correct answer-Advocate for the care of the mentally ill
Superintendent of Women Nurses of the Union Army
Sojourner Truth - Correct answer-Afro-American Abolitionist, cared for wounded
soldiers and assisted with the underground railroad system.
Harriet Tubman - Correct answer-a freed slave, cared for wounded soldiers, helped
smuggle slaves to freedom using the underground railroad system.
Sallie Thompkins - Correct answer-Superintendent in Confederate hospital
Held military rank in the Confederacy (Capt. Of Calvary)
Phoebe Pember - Correct answer-one of the first appointed "matron of the hospital"
DON during the Civil war.
Clara Barton - Correct answer-"Angel of the Battlefield" appealed to the nation for
donations and developed her own system of getting supplies to the soldiers.
Distributed blankets clothing, camp kettles
Worked outside government groups - refused to enlist in the military nurse corps,
under Dorothea Dix
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Answers
Approaches to defining profession - Correct answer-Process approach
Power approach
Trait approach
Process approach - Correct answer-All are in a state of development
Found somewhere along a continuum
Not an either/or situation
Power approach - Correct answer-How much "power" does the group have?
How independent is
the group?
How did the group get its independence?
Money and political influence become critical.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Trait approach - Correct answer-Looks at "traits" criteria or characteristics that are
found in true professions.
If the group meets the criteria, then it is considered a profession.
This is the most common way of defining a profession.
Who determines what traits are used?
Commonly Accepted
Traits of a Profession - Correct answer-1. Provides services vital to human and
social welfare
2. Has its own special body of knowledge on which it builds its skills and services
3. Involves essentially intellectual operations
4. Activities involve high levels of individual responsibility
5. Educates its members in institutions of higher education
6. Establishes and controls it own policies and activities
7. Members have a relatively high degree of independence in practice
8. Attracts individuals whose primary motives are service, not gain
9. Members see it as their life's work (career)
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,10. Has a code of ethics that guides the conduct of its practitioners
11. Has a professional organization that fosters and insures quality of practice
12. Practitioners must be able to demonstrate competency in order to practice
13. Requires licensure to protect the public
What is nursing? - Correct answer-Caregiver, comforter, decision-maker,
protector/client advocate, manager, rehabilitator, communicator, teacher
Primary sources for power - Correct answer-Reward (reward power)
Coercion (coercive power)- using force or threats
Legal act (legitimate power)
Close personal relationships (referent power)
Knowledge (expert power)
Use of media (informational power); can influence opinions
Florence Nightingale - Correct answer-Took 37 nurses to Crimean War (1854-
1856) - and through attention to cleaning, asepsis, and hygiene she dropped
mortality rate from 42% to 2%
1860 founded first school for nurses at St. Thomas Hospital, London
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, "Lady with the lamp"
Dorothea L. Dix - Correct answer-Advocate for the care of the mentally ill
Superintendent of Women Nurses of the Union Army
Sojourner Truth - Correct answer-Afro-American Abolitionist, cared for wounded
soldiers and assisted with the underground railroad system.
Harriet Tubman - Correct answer-a freed slave, cared for wounded soldiers, helped
smuggle slaves to freedom using the underground railroad system.
Sallie Thompkins - Correct answer-Superintendent in Confederate hospital
Held military rank in the Confederacy (Capt. Of Calvary)
Phoebe Pember - Correct answer-one of the first appointed "matron of the hospital"
DON during the Civil war.
Clara Barton - Correct answer-"Angel of the Battlefield" appealed to the nation for
donations and developed her own system of getting supplies to the soldiers.
Distributed blankets clothing, camp kettles
Worked outside government groups - refused to enlist in the military nurse corps,
under Dorothea Dix
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
