Anatomy and Physiology 1: Exam 2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_2mmy1d
1. Epithelia - characteristics, one of the four basic types of animal tissue. The other three types are
functions, connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue. Epithelial tissues
line the cavities and surfaces of blood vessels and organs throughout
the body.
2. epithelial classes - squa- 1) simple squamous
mous, etc. 2) simple cuboidal
3) simple columnar
4) pseudostratified.
3. modes of secretion Merocrine - expelled by exocytosis, only secretory product is lost, cell
remains intact
Apocrine - secreted my membrane vesicles, secretory product and
some membrane lost
Holocrine - secretory product releases as cell breaks open, entire cell
lost
4. connective tissue 1)Connective Tissue Proper
a. classification Loose Fibroelastic Connective Tissue
b. fibers Dense Fibroelastic Connective Tissue
c. categories -Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
-Dense Regular Connective Tissue
2)Special Connective Tissue
Reticular Connective Tissue
Elastic Connective Tissue
Adipose Connective Tissue
Fibers of Connective Tissue include:
(1) collagen fibers, (2) reticular fibers, and (3) elastic fibers. The most
prevalent protein in the body is collagen.
5. cartilage types
, Anatomy and Physiology 1: Exam 2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_2mmy1d
The three types of cartilage are elastic, hyaline, and fibrocartilage.
Elastic cartilage has the greatest number of chondrocytes, so it bends
the most. Hyaline cartilage comes next, followed by fibrocartilage.
6. bone any of the pieces of hard, whitish tissue making up the skeleton in
humans and other vertebrates
7. 4- membrane types, char- Cutaneous-skin, covers whole body composed of squamous ex: EP-
acteristics, examples ITHELIAL cells
mucous-columnar EPITHELIAL Cells
produces mucous which protects tissue
Line cavities that open to the outside
Serous- produces serous fluid which protects tissue, med of EPITHE-
LIAL cells supported by conn. tissue, line internal cavities of the body
that are NOT open.
synovial- produces synovial fluid, fluid reduces abrasion line the joints
8. fasciae a band or sheet of connective tissue, primarily collagen, beneath the
skin that attaches, stabilizes, encloses, and separates muscles and
other internal organs.
9. muscle tissue - types, The 3 types of muscle tissue are cardiac, smooth, and skeletal. Cardiac
classification, examples muscle cells are located in the walls of the heart, appear striated,
and are under involuntary control. Smooth muscle fibers are located
in walls of hollow visceral organs, except the heart, appear spin-
dle-shaped, and are also under involuntary control. Skeletal muscle
fibers occur in muscles which are attached to the skeleton. They are
striated in appearance and are under voluntary control.
10. neural tissues-2 kinds
, Anatomy and Physiology 1: Exam 2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_2mmy1d
Neurons -nerve cells that transmit electrical signals to & from the brain
& spinal cord
-has three parts:
1. dendrites (receive info from other neurons)
2. cell body (contains nucleus, essential to life of cell)
3. single axon (transmits info away from cell body)
Neuroglia (or glia) -cells that support & take care of the neurons
11. cutaneous membrane The cutaneous membrane is the technical term for our skin. The skin's
primary role is to help protect the rest of the body's tissues and organs
from physical damage such as abrasions, chemical damage such as
detergents, and biological damage from microorganisms.
12. subcutaneous layer also called the hypodermis, hypoderm (from Greek, meaning "be-
neath the skin"), subcutis, or superficial fascia, is the lowermost layer
of the integumentary system in vertebrates
13. skin functions protection, regulation and sensation.
14. epidermis layers - 5 in de- Stratum Basale: : Deepest layer (located near the basement cells)
tail -Attached to the underlying dermis.
-Single row of renewing keratinocytes that are getting ready to get
pushed up.
-10-25% = Melanincoytes
-Small portion are merkel cells.
Stratum Spinosum: Overlies the stratum basale.
-Where the cells go once they have pushed up from the stratum
basale.
-Filaments in the cells that resist tension.
-Keratinocytes have a spiny appearance.
-Contain langerhen cells.
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_2mmy1d
1. Epithelia - characteristics, one of the four basic types of animal tissue. The other three types are
functions, connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue. Epithelial tissues
line the cavities and surfaces of blood vessels and organs throughout
the body.
2. epithelial classes - squa- 1) simple squamous
mous, etc. 2) simple cuboidal
3) simple columnar
4) pseudostratified.
3. modes of secretion Merocrine - expelled by exocytosis, only secretory product is lost, cell
remains intact
Apocrine - secreted my membrane vesicles, secretory product and
some membrane lost
Holocrine - secretory product releases as cell breaks open, entire cell
lost
4. connective tissue 1)Connective Tissue Proper
a. classification Loose Fibroelastic Connective Tissue
b. fibers Dense Fibroelastic Connective Tissue
c. categories -Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
-Dense Regular Connective Tissue
2)Special Connective Tissue
Reticular Connective Tissue
Elastic Connective Tissue
Adipose Connective Tissue
Fibers of Connective Tissue include:
(1) collagen fibers, (2) reticular fibers, and (3) elastic fibers. The most
prevalent protein in the body is collagen.
5. cartilage types
, Anatomy and Physiology 1: Exam 2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_2mmy1d
The three types of cartilage are elastic, hyaline, and fibrocartilage.
Elastic cartilage has the greatest number of chondrocytes, so it bends
the most. Hyaline cartilage comes next, followed by fibrocartilage.
6. bone any of the pieces of hard, whitish tissue making up the skeleton in
humans and other vertebrates
7. 4- membrane types, char- Cutaneous-skin, covers whole body composed of squamous ex: EP-
acteristics, examples ITHELIAL cells
mucous-columnar EPITHELIAL Cells
produces mucous which protects tissue
Line cavities that open to the outside
Serous- produces serous fluid which protects tissue, med of EPITHE-
LIAL cells supported by conn. tissue, line internal cavities of the body
that are NOT open.
synovial- produces synovial fluid, fluid reduces abrasion line the joints
8. fasciae a band or sheet of connective tissue, primarily collagen, beneath the
skin that attaches, stabilizes, encloses, and separates muscles and
other internal organs.
9. muscle tissue - types, The 3 types of muscle tissue are cardiac, smooth, and skeletal. Cardiac
classification, examples muscle cells are located in the walls of the heart, appear striated,
and are under involuntary control. Smooth muscle fibers are located
in walls of hollow visceral organs, except the heart, appear spin-
dle-shaped, and are also under involuntary control. Skeletal muscle
fibers occur in muscles which are attached to the skeleton. They are
striated in appearance and are under voluntary control.
10. neural tissues-2 kinds
, Anatomy and Physiology 1: Exam 2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_2mmy1d
Neurons -nerve cells that transmit electrical signals to & from the brain
& spinal cord
-has three parts:
1. dendrites (receive info from other neurons)
2. cell body (contains nucleus, essential to life of cell)
3. single axon (transmits info away from cell body)
Neuroglia (or glia) -cells that support & take care of the neurons
11. cutaneous membrane The cutaneous membrane is the technical term for our skin. The skin's
primary role is to help protect the rest of the body's tissues and organs
from physical damage such as abrasions, chemical damage such as
detergents, and biological damage from microorganisms.
12. subcutaneous layer also called the hypodermis, hypoderm (from Greek, meaning "be-
neath the skin"), subcutis, or superficial fascia, is the lowermost layer
of the integumentary system in vertebrates
13. skin functions protection, regulation and sensation.
14. epidermis layers - 5 in de- Stratum Basale: : Deepest layer (located near the basement cells)
tail -Attached to the underlying dermis.
-Single row of renewing keratinocytes that are getting ready to get
pushed up.
-10-25% = Melanincoytes
-Small portion are merkel cells.
Stratum Spinosum: Overlies the stratum basale.
-Where the cells go once they have pushed up from the stratum
basale.
-Filaments in the cells that resist tension.
-Keratinocytes have a spiny appearance.
-Contain langerhen cells.
