NURS 2030: Hygiene
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i3nnt9
1. Body's physical barriers: Defensive system that prevents pathogens from entering the body; includes
skin, hair, nails, glands, and mucous membranes.
2. Integumentary system: Made up of skin, hair, nails, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands; protects
against pathogens and outside environment.
3. Mucous membranes: Found in the mouth, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urinary tracts; secrete mucus
to trap pathogens and block invasion.
4. Skin: Largest organ of the body; first line of defense; provides physical barrier and contains Langerhans cells to
kill pathogens.
5. Pathogens: Organisms that cause disease in humans, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites.
6. Langerhans cells: Specialized skin cells that detect and destroy pathogens attempting to enter the body.
7. Epidermis: Outermost skin layer made of squamous epithelial cells; avascular; provides strength and protection.
8. Dermis: Layer beneath epidermis with connective tissue, nerves, and blood vessels; gives skin strength, elasticity,
and sensory function.
9. Hypodermis (subcutaneous layer): Beneath the dermis; contains adipose tissue for cushioning,
insulation, and fat storage.
10. Function of mucous secretion: Traps pathogens and particles, preventing them from reaching
deeper tissues.
11. Function of cilia in nasal mucous membranes: Trap inhaled particles and push them to the
nose or throat to be expelled by coughing or sneezing.
12. Teeth functions: Chew food, support facial structure, aid speech, and resist plaque/pathogens with enamel.
13. Enamel: Hardest material in the body; coats teeth to protect against plaque, acids, and bacteria.
14. Dentin: Layer beneath enamel that protects the pulp of the tooth.
15. Dental pulp: Core of the tooth containing blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue; provides nutrients.
16. Nails: Layers of keratin that protect fingers and toes; cuticle and pterygium serve as barriers against infection.
17. Cuticle: Epidermal tissue at base and sides of nail plate; connects skin and nail to block infection.
18. Pterygium: Membrane beneath cuticle that adds another layer of pathogen protection.
19. Importance of nail care: Prevents scratches, removes germs under nails, lowers infection risk, and
detects nail/skin abnormalities.
20. Nail care procedure: Soak nails, clean with orange stick, trim straight across, file edges, apply lotion.
21. Nail care for diabetic clients: Cut toenails straight across in good lighting, use extreme caution to
prevent injury, and maintain diligent foot care.
1/4
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i3nnt9
1. Body's physical barriers: Defensive system that prevents pathogens from entering the body; includes
skin, hair, nails, glands, and mucous membranes.
2. Integumentary system: Made up of skin, hair, nails, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands; protects
against pathogens and outside environment.
3. Mucous membranes: Found in the mouth, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urinary tracts; secrete mucus
to trap pathogens and block invasion.
4. Skin: Largest organ of the body; first line of defense; provides physical barrier and contains Langerhans cells to
kill pathogens.
5. Pathogens: Organisms that cause disease in humans, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites.
6. Langerhans cells: Specialized skin cells that detect and destroy pathogens attempting to enter the body.
7. Epidermis: Outermost skin layer made of squamous epithelial cells; avascular; provides strength and protection.
8. Dermis: Layer beneath epidermis with connective tissue, nerves, and blood vessels; gives skin strength, elasticity,
and sensory function.
9. Hypodermis (subcutaneous layer): Beneath the dermis; contains adipose tissue for cushioning,
insulation, and fat storage.
10. Function of mucous secretion: Traps pathogens and particles, preventing them from reaching
deeper tissues.
11. Function of cilia in nasal mucous membranes: Trap inhaled particles and push them to the
nose or throat to be expelled by coughing or sneezing.
12. Teeth functions: Chew food, support facial structure, aid speech, and resist plaque/pathogens with enamel.
13. Enamel: Hardest material in the body; coats teeth to protect against plaque, acids, and bacteria.
14. Dentin: Layer beneath enamel that protects the pulp of the tooth.
15. Dental pulp: Core of the tooth containing blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue; provides nutrients.
16. Nails: Layers of keratin that protect fingers and toes; cuticle and pterygium serve as barriers against infection.
17. Cuticle: Epidermal tissue at base and sides of nail plate; connects skin and nail to block infection.
18. Pterygium: Membrane beneath cuticle that adds another layer of pathogen protection.
19. Importance of nail care: Prevents scratches, removes germs under nails, lowers infection risk, and
detects nail/skin abnormalities.
20. Nail care procedure: Soak nails, clean with orange stick, trim straight across, file edges, apply lotion.
21. Nail care for diabetic clients: Cut toenails straight across in good lighting, use extreme caution to
prevent injury, and maintain diligent foot care.
1/4
