BIOL 230 Chapter 1 - Athabasca
University Questions With
Complete Solutions
Physiology - Correct answerthe study of the functions of an organism and its
constituent parts - how the parts of the human body work.
Anatomy - Correct answerthe study of body structure.
Integrative Physiology - Correct answerhow different parts of the body work to
accomplish a particular function (i.e. Renal and Respiratory systems).
Chemical level - Correct answervery basic level includes atoms (smallest units of
matter) and molecules (two or more atoms joined together).
Essential elements for life - Correct answerCarbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen,
phosphorus, calcium, and sulfur.
DNA - Correct answera familiar molecule found in the body.
Glucose - Correct answera familiar molecule found in the body.
Cellular level - Correct answermolecules combine to form cells, the basic structural
and functional units of an organism.
Tissue level - Correct answera tissue is a group of similar cells that work together to
perform a particular function.
Epithelial tissue - Correct answercovers body surfaces, lines hollow organs and
ducts, and forms glands.
Connective tissue - Correct answersupports and protects body organs, stores
energy reserves such as fat, and helps provide the body with immunity to disease-
causing agents.
Muscle tissue - Correct answercontracts to produce movement, maintain posture,
and generate heat.
Nervous tissue - Correct answerdetects and responds to changes in the body's
external or internal environment.
,Organ level - Correct answeran organ is a structure composed of two or more
different types of tissues.
Examples of organs - Correct answerstomach, liver, kidney, etc.
System level - Correct answera system, also known as an organ system, consists of
related organs with a common function.
Organismal level - Correct answeran organism is any living individual formed by all
of the organ systems collectively.
Emergent properties - Correct answercaused by the interactions of the simpler
components of the lower levels of organization.
Integration - Correct answerthe process by which several components work
together for a common, unified purpose.
Atom - Correct answerthe smallest unit of matter. It is the basic unit of a chemical
element.
Molecule - Correct answertwo or more atoms bonded together.
Cell - Correct answerthe basic structural and functional units of an organism
capable of performing all life processes.
Tissue - Correct answera group of similar cells that work together to perform a
particular function.
Organ - Correct answera structure composed of two or more different types of
tissues. It has a specific function and usually (but not always) has a recognizable shape.
System - Correct answerconsists of related organs with a common function.
Organism - Correct answerany living individual formed by all of the organ systems
collectively.
Cardiovascular system - Correct answerA system that circulates blood and lymph
through the body.
Integumentary system - Correct answerThe system that includes skin, hair, nails,
and glands.
Urinary system - Correct answerThe system responsible for the production and
elimination of urine.
,Digestive system - Correct answerThe system that processes food and absorbs
nutrients.
Emergent property - Correct answerProperties that emerge caused by the
interactions of the simpler components of the lower levels.
Metabolism - Correct answerThe sum of all the chemical reactions that occur in the
body.
Catabolism - Correct answerThe breakdown of complex chemical substances into
simpler components.
Anabolism - Correct answerThe formation of complex chemical substances from
smaller, simpler components.
Responsiveness - Correct answerThe body's ability to detect and respond to
changes (both internal and external changes).
Movement - Correct answerIncludes motion of the whole body, individual organs,
single cells, and even tiny structures inside cells.
Growth - Correct answerAn increase in body size that results from an increase in
the size of existing cells, an increase in the number of cells in the human body, or both.
Differentiation - Correct answerThe development of a cell from an unspecialized to a
specialized state.
Stem cells - Correct answerPrecursor cells that can divide and give rise to cells that
can undergo differentiation.
Reproduction - Correct answerRefers to either (1) the formation of new cells for
tissue growth, repair, or replacement, or (2) the production of a new individual.
Checkpoint - Correct answerThe formation of a muscle cell from a precursor cell is
an example of which of the six life processes in the human body.
Homeostasis - Correct answerThe maintenance of relatively stable conditions in the
body's internal environment which occurs through the body's many regulatory
processes.
Dynamic steady state - Correct answerEach regulated parameter can change over
a narrow range that is compatible for life.
, Steady state - Correct answerEnergy is needed to keep the regulated parameter at
a relatively constant level.
Equilibrium - Correct answerConditions remain constant without the expenditure of
energy.
Body fluids - Correct answerDilute, watery solutions containing dissolved chemicals
that are found inside cells as well as surrounding them.
Intracellular fluid (ICF) - Correct answerThe fluid within cells, making up about ⅔ of
body fluid.
Extracellular fluid (ECF) - Correct answerFluid outside the cells, constituting about
⅓ of body fluid.
Interstitial fluid - Correct answerThe fluid that fills the narrow spaces between cells,
constituting 80% of the ECF.
Plasma - Correct answerThe fluid portion of blood, constituting 20% of the ECF.
Proper functioning of cells - Correct answerDepends on the precise regulation of the
precise composition of their surrounding fluid.
External environment - Correct answerThe space that surrounds the entire body.
Internal interruptions - Correct answerDisturbances in homeostasis that occur from
within the body.
External interruptions - Correct answerDisturbances in homeostasis that occur from
outside the body.
Homeostasis - Correct answerThe body's ability to maintain a stable internal
environment despite external changes.
Nervous system - Correct answerRegulates homeostasis by sending action
potentials to organs that can counteract changes from the balanced state.
Endocrine system - Correct answerIncludes many glands, organs, and tissues that
secrete messenger molecules called hormones into the blood.
Feedback loop - Correct answerA cycle of events in which a parameter of the
internal environment is monitored, evaluated, changed, remonitored, reevaluated, and
so on.
University Questions With
Complete Solutions
Physiology - Correct answerthe study of the functions of an organism and its
constituent parts - how the parts of the human body work.
Anatomy - Correct answerthe study of body structure.
Integrative Physiology - Correct answerhow different parts of the body work to
accomplish a particular function (i.e. Renal and Respiratory systems).
Chemical level - Correct answervery basic level includes atoms (smallest units of
matter) and molecules (two or more atoms joined together).
Essential elements for life - Correct answerCarbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen,
phosphorus, calcium, and sulfur.
DNA - Correct answera familiar molecule found in the body.
Glucose - Correct answera familiar molecule found in the body.
Cellular level - Correct answermolecules combine to form cells, the basic structural
and functional units of an organism.
Tissue level - Correct answera tissue is a group of similar cells that work together to
perform a particular function.
Epithelial tissue - Correct answercovers body surfaces, lines hollow organs and
ducts, and forms glands.
Connective tissue - Correct answersupports and protects body organs, stores
energy reserves such as fat, and helps provide the body with immunity to disease-
causing agents.
Muscle tissue - Correct answercontracts to produce movement, maintain posture,
and generate heat.
Nervous tissue - Correct answerdetects and responds to changes in the body's
external or internal environment.
,Organ level - Correct answeran organ is a structure composed of two or more
different types of tissues.
Examples of organs - Correct answerstomach, liver, kidney, etc.
System level - Correct answera system, also known as an organ system, consists of
related organs with a common function.
Organismal level - Correct answeran organism is any living individual formed by all
of the organ systems collectively.
Emergent properties - Correct answercaused by the interactions of the simpler
components of the lower levels of organization.
Integration - Correct answerthe process by which several components work
together for a common, unified purpose.
Atom - Correct answerthe smallest unit of matter. It is the basic unit of a chemical
element.
Molecule - Correct answertwo or more atoms bonded together.
Cell - Correct answerthe basic structural and functional units of an organism
capable of performing all life processes.
Tissue - Correct answera group of similar cells that work together to perform a
particular function.
Organ - Correct answera structure composed of two or more different types of
tissues. It has a specific function and usually (but not always) has a recognizable shape.
System - Correct answerconsists of related organs with a common function.
Organism - Correct answerany living individual formed by all of the organ systems
collectively.
Cardiovascular system - Correct answerA system that circulates blood and lymph
through the body.
Integumentary system - Correct answerThe system that includes skin, hair, nails,
and glands.
Urinary system - Correct answerThe system responsible for the production and
elimination of urine.
,Digestive system - Correct answerThe system that processes food and absorbs
nutrients.
Emergent property - Correct answerProperties that emerge caused by the
interactions of the simpler components of the lower levels.
Metabolism - Correct answerThe sum of all the chemical reactions that occur in the
body.
Catabolism - Correct answerThe breakdown of complex chemical substances into
simpler components.
Anabolism - Correct answerThe formation of complex chemical substances from
smaller, simpler components.
Responsiveness - Correct answerThe body's ability to detect and respond to
changes (both internal and external changes).
Movement - Correct answerIncludes motion of the whole body, individual organs,
single cells, and even tiny structures inside cells.
Growth - Correct answerAn increase in body size that results from an increase in
the size of existing cells, an increase in the number of cells in the human body, or both.
Differentiation - Correct answerThe development of a cell from an unspecialized to a
specialized state.
Stem cells - Correct answerPrecursor cells that can divide and give rise to cells that
can undergo differentiation.
Reproduction - Correct answerRefers to either (1) the formation of new cells for
tissue growth, repair, or replacement, or (2) the production of a new individual.
Checkpoint - Correct answerThe formation of a muscle cell from a precursor cell is
an example of which of the six life processes in the human body.
Homeostasis - Correct answerThe maintenance of relatively stable conditions in the
body's internal environment which occurs through the body's many regulatory
processes.
Dynamic steady state - Correct answerEach regulated parameter can change over
a narrow range that is compatible for life.
, Steady state - Correct answerEnergy is needed to keep the regulated parameter at
a relatively constant level.
Equilibrium - Correct answerConditions remain constant without the expenditure of
energy.
Body fluids - Correct answerDilute, watery solutions containing dissolved chemicals
that are found inside cells as well as surrounding them.
Intracellular fluid (ICF) - Correct answerThe fluid within cells, making up about ⅔ of
body fluid.
Extracellular fluid (ECF) - Correct answerFluid outside the cells, constituting about
⅓ of body fluid.
Interstitial fluid - Correct answerThe fluid that fills the narrow spaces between cells,
constituting 80% of the ECF.
Plasma - Correct answerThe fluid portion of blood, constituting 20% of the ECF.
Proper functioning of cells - Correct answerDepends on the precise regulation of the
precise composition of their surrounding fluid.
External environment - Correct answerThe space that surrounds the entire body.
Internal interruptions - Correct answerDisturbances in homeostasis that occur from
within the body.
External interruptions - Correct answerDisturbances in homeostasis that occur from
outside the body.
Homeostasis - Correct answerThe body's ability to maintain a stable internal
environment despite external changes.
Nervous system - Correct answerRegulates homeostasis by sending action
potentials to organs that can counteract changes from the balanced state.
Endocrine system - Correct answerIncludes many glands, organs, and tissues that
secrete messenger molecules called hormones into the blood.
Feedback loop - Correct answerA cycle of events in which a parameter of the
internal environment is monitored, evaluated, changed, remonitored, reevaluated, and
so on.
