Kin 220 Final Exam 2 Questions and
All Correct Answers 2025-2026
Updated.
the General Adaptation Syndrome - Answer Stage 1: alarm (training stimulus) Stage 2:
resistance (recovery super compensation) super compensation enhanced capacity Stage 3:
Exhaustion (over training)
the proteins involved in skeletal muscle contraction - Answer actin and myosin
the general structure of muscle and where energy for muscular contraction comes from -
Answer >430 voluntary muscle, 75% water, 20% protein, 5% minerals. Energy comes from ATP.
the concept of muscular contraction (sliding filament theory) and key components - Answer
Within sarcomere, myosin slides along actin to contract the muscle fiber in a process that
requires ATP
the characteristics and properties of skeletal muscle fiber types and type of physical activity
associated with each - Answer Type 1 is slow twitch oxidative red muscle fiber. Slow is aerobic
in nature. Lower force, resistant to fatigue. Endurance exercise
Type IIa (fast twitch oxidative) trainable, generate explosive power for short amount of time,
stop and go activities like basketball
Type IIb (fast twitch glycolytic) white muscle fiber. Fast and anaerobic in nature. Higher force:
quick to fatigue
the time course for muscular strength (neural vs hypertrophy) - Answer Hypertrophy - increase
in size of muscle. Requires resistance training over time
Neural- changes in strength the first few weeks of resistance training. This happens because of
the development of more efficient neural pathways along the route of muscle
the difference between isometric, concentric, and eccentric contractions - Answer Isometric:
tension is generated without changing length (sitting at the bottom of a squat)
Concentric- shortening (bicep curl)
Eccentric- lengthening (opposite bicep curl)
, Aerobic (with oxygen) continuous steady state exercise longer than three to four min. Increases
aerobic capacity through adaptations to the athlete's oxygen transport and utilization systems
the intensity and duration components of the ATP-PC, lactic acid, and aerobic energy systems
and the type of exercise associated with each - Answer ATP- PC- 1st energy pathway 10 sec w/
very high intensity
Lactic Acid (glycolytic)- 2nd energy pathway 10- 90 sec w/ relative high intensity
Aerobic- 3rd energy pathway anything after 90 sec low intensity, long duration
the basics of VO2max test, its significance, and factors affecting it - Answer Measure of oxygen
consumption (exhaled air)
the metabolic and structural adaptations to anaerobic and aerobic training and the
cardiorespiratory responses to endurance training - Answer First training adaption aerobically
is more red blood cells, more stroke volume which leads to larger cardiac output
Larger stroke volume means less beats needed
Structurally we get muscle growth.
One adaptation across all energy pathways = enzyme get more efficient
the best training program for training the aerobic vs the anaerobic system - Answer Aerobic-
continuous training. Appropriate stimulus is 60%-80% of max heart rate.
Anaerobic- strength and power exercises weightlifting
the difference between intervals and continuous training - Answer Interval training allows for
a rest period which in turn allows for more training to occur unlike continuous training
the process of carbohydrate metabolism (glycolysis) and fat metabolism (beta oxidation) -
Answer Glycolysis is used - converts glucose to ATP Beta-oxidation- oxygen must be present to
break down the fat into ATP
the function and purpose of the cardiovascular system - Answer Network that connects body
tissues together. Purpose is to transport O2 to all of the tissues in the body and remove CO2
what blood pressure is and what systolic and diastolic pressures are - Answer Blood pressure =
cardiac output x systemic vascular resistance (SVR). It represents the force against which the
All Correct Answers 2025-2026
Updated.
the General Adaptation Syndrome - Answer Stage 1: alarm (training stimulus) Stage 2:
resistance (recovery super compensation) super compensation enhanced capacity Stage 3:
Exhaustion (over training)
the proteins involved in skeletal muscle contraction - Answer actin and myosin
the general structure of muscle and where energy for muscular contraction comes from -
Answer >430 voluntary muscle, 75% water, 20% protein, 5% minerals. Energy comes from ATP.
the concept of muscular contraction (sliding filament theory) and key components - Answer
Within sarcomere, myosin slides along actin to contract the muscle fiber in a process that
requires ATP
the characteristics and properties of skeletal muscle fiber types and type of physical activity
associated with each - Answer Type 1 is slow twitch oxidative red muscle fiber. Slow is aerobic
in nature. Lower force, resistant to fatigue. Endurance exercise
Type IIa (fast twitch oxidative) trainable, generate explosive power for short amount of time,
stop and go activities like basketball
Type IIb (fast twitch glycolytic) white muscle fiber. Fast and anaerobic in nature. Higher force:
quick to fatigue
the time course for muscular strength (neural vs hypertrophy) - Answer Hypertrophy - increase
in size of muscle. Requires resistance training over time
Neural- changes in strength the first few weeks of resistance training. This happens because of
the development of more efficient neural pathways along the route of muscle
the difference between isometric, concentric, and eccentric contractions - Answer Isometric:
tension is generated without changing length (sitting at the bottom of a squat)
Concentric- shortening (bicep curl)
Eccentric- lengthening (opposite bicep curl)
, Aerobic (with oxygen) continuous steady state exercise longer than three to four min. Increases
aerobic capacity through adaptations to the athlete's oxygen transport and utilization systems
the intensity and duration components of the ATP-PC, lactic acid, and aerobic energy systems
and the type of exercise associated with each - Answer ATP- PC- 1st energy pathway 10 sec w/
very high intensity
Lactic Acid (glycolytic)- 2nd energy pathway 10- 90 sec w/ relative high intensity
Aerobic- 3rd energy pathway anything after 90 sec low intensity, long duration
the basics of VO2max test, its significance, and factors affecting it - Answer Measure of oxygen
consumption (exhaled air)
the metabolic and structural adaptations to anaerobic and aerobic training and the
cardiorespiratory responses to endurance training - Answer First training adaption aerobically
is more red blood cells, more stroke volume which leads to larger cardiac output
Larger stroke volume means less beats needed
Structurally we get muscle growth.
One adaptation across all energy pathways = enzyme get more efficient
the best training program for training the aerobic vs the anaerobic system - Answer Aerobic-
continuous training. Appropriate stimulus is 60%-80% of max heart rate.
Anaerobic- strength and power exercises weightlifting
the difference between intervals and continuous training - Answer Interval training allows for
a rest period which in turn allows for more training to occur unlike continuous training
the process of carbohydrate metabolism (glycolysis) and fat metabolism (beta oxidation) -
Answer Glycolysis is used - converts glucose to ATP Beta-oxidation- oxygen must be present to
break down the fat into ATP
the function and purpose of the cardiovascular system - Answer Network that connects body
tissues together. Purpose is to transport O2 to all of the tissues in the body and remove CO2
what blood pressure is and what systolic and diastolic pressures are - Answer Blood pressure =
cardiac output x systemic vascular resistance (SVR). It represents the force against which the
