BIOL 3200 Final Exam Questions and
All Correct Answers 2025-2026
Updated.
Who developed the concept of medical statistics? - Answer Florence Nightingale
What is the basis for the modern smallpox vaccine? - Answer cowpox virus
In the three-domain model, the bacterial ancestor of mitochondria derives from ancient: -
Answer respiring bacteria
What is used to focus the beam of electrons in an electron microscope? - Answer
electromagnets
Microbes include members of which of the following groups? - Answer Bacteria, archaea,
fungi, viruses
Robert Hooke - Answer built the compound microscope; discovered cells
Antonie van Leeuwenheok - Answer discovered individual microbes
Louis Pasteur - Answer disproved the theory of spontaneous generation
Koch's Postulates - Answer series of guidelines used to identify the microorganism that causes
a specific disease
Edward Jenner - Answer Developed a vaccine for smallpox in 1796
Alexander Fleming - Answer discovered penicillin
Lithotrophs feed on - Answer inorganic molecules
,What does analysis of 16S rRNA sequences show? - Answer Archaea are as distant from
bacteria as from eukaryotes
What is the organism that Koch used to test his postulates? - Answer S. aureus
Which of these series arranges microbes from smallest to largest? - Answer virus → bacterium
→ red blood cell → paramecium
What would happen if the lens had the same refractive index as air? - Answer The image
would not be magnified
- Wavefronts of light shift direction as they enter a substance of higher refractive index (causes
magnification with greater resolution)
What microscope would you use to see syphilis? - Answer dark-field
A medically important example of active transport is that of drug _____ proteins powered by
the hydrogen ion gradient. - Answer efflux
The lipopolysaccharide of the outer membrane is of medical importance because it acts as a(n):
- Answer endotoxin
All of the following are components of peptidoglycan EXCEPT: - Answer lipopolysaccharide
Lipopolysaccharides are not a component of - Answer Gram + bacteria
Characteristics of prokaryotic flagella? - Answer - It is driven by the cell's transmembrane
proton current
- It is embedded in the layers of the cell envelope
- It is observed by electron microscopy
- It is used for chemotaxis
Prokaryotic flagella do not move with a - Answer whip like motion
, By themselves, heterotrophs would deplete the world of _____ sources and starve to death. -
Answer organic Carbon
Order of DNA replication enzymes: - Answer DNAa → primase → DNA pol III → ligase
What stops transcription?? - Answer Rho Dependent: Rho
Rho Independent: NusA
Which of the following is the best technique for counting only viable cells? - Answer spread
plate
In which case would the shortest lag period most likely be observed? - Answer transfer from
complex medium to fresh complex medium
In which case would the longest lag period most likely be observed? - Answer complex
medium to minimal medium (transfer to different medium)
You are measuring growth in a bacterial culture. The number of viable cells remains constant,
and when you check the medium, you find that the carbon source has been used up. What
phase of growth is the culture in? - Answer stationary phase
_____ are prominent flora beneath icebergs in the Arctic and Antarctic. - Answer
psychrophiles
A bacterium that thrives in your stomach is probably a(n): - Answer acidophile
Gene transfer from parent to child is called: - Answer vertical transmission
_____ allowed genes to be mapped relative to each other based on the time of transfer. -
Answer conjugation
_____ and _____ are noncoding sequences that make up a large portion of eukaryotic
chromosomes. - Answer introns; pseudogenes
All Correct Answers 2025-2026
Updated.
Who developed the concept of medical statistics? - Answer Florence Nightingale
What is the basis for the modern smallpox vaccine? - Answer cowpox virus
In the three-domain model, the bacterial ancestor of mitochondria derives from ancient: -
Answer respiring bacteria
What is used to focus the beam of electrons in an electron microscope? - Answer
electromagnets
Microbes include members of which of the following groups? - Answer Bacteria, archaea,
fungi, viruses
Robert Hooke - Answer built the compound microscope; discovered cells
Antonie van Leeuwenheok - Answer discovered individual microbes
Louis Pasteur - Answer disproved the theory of spontaneous generation
Koch's Postulates - Answer series of guidelines used to identify the microorganism that causes
a specific disease
Edward Jenner - Answer Developed a vaccine for smallpox in 1796
Alexander Fleming - Answer discovered penicillin
Lithotrophs feed on - Answer inorganic molecules
,What does analysis of 16S rRNA sequences show? - Answer Archaea are as distant from
bacteria as from eukaryotes
What is the organism that Koch used to test his postulates? - Answer S. aureus
Which of these series arranges microbes from smallest to largest? - Answer virus → bacterium
→ red blood cell → paramecium
What would happen if the lens had the same refractive index as air? - Answer The image
would not be magnified
- Wavefronts of light shift direction as they enter a substance of higher refractive index (causes
magnification with greater resolution)
What microscope would you use to see syphilis? - Answer dark-field
A medically important example of active transport is that of drug _____ proteins powered by
the hydrogen ion gradient. - Answer efflux
The lipopolysaccharide of the outer membrane is of medical importance because it acts as a(n):
- Answer endotoxin
All of the following are components of peptidoglycan EXCEPT: - Answer lipopolysaccharide
Lipopolysaccharides are not a component of - Answer Gram + bacteria
Characteristics of prokaryotic flagella? - Answer - It is driven by the cell's transmembrane
proton current
- It is embedded in the layers of the cell envelope
- It is observed by electron microscopy
- It is used for chemotaxis
Prokaryotic flagella do not move with a - Answer whip like motion
, By themselves, heterotrophs would deplete the world of _____ sources and starve to death. -
Answer organic Carbon
Order of DNA replication enzymes: - Answer DNAa → primase → DNA pol III → ligase
What stops transcription?? - Answer Rho Dependent: Rho
Rho Independent: NusA
Which of the following is the best technique for counting only viable cells? - Answer spread
plate
In which case would the shortest lag period most likely be observed? - Answer transfer from
complex medium to fresh complex medium
In which case would the longest lag period most likely be observed? - Answer complex
medium to minimal medium (transfer to different medium)
You are measuring growth in a bacterial culture. The number of viable cells remains constant,
and when you check the medium, you find that the carbon source has been used up. What
phase of growth is the culture in? - Answer stationary phase
_____ are prominent flora beneath icebergs in the Arctic and Antarctic. - Answer
psychrophiles
A bacterium that thrives in your stomach is probably a(n): - Answer acidophile
Gene transfer from parent to child is called: - Answer vertical transmission
_____ allowed genes to be mapped relative to each other based on the time of transfer. -
Answer conjugation
_____ and _____ are noncoding sequences that make up a large portion of eukaryotic
chromosomes. - Answer introns; pseudogenes
