PIL A, B LEGISLATION MOST TESTED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+ WITH RATIONALES
What is the significance of an animal’s health status? How is it confirmed?
A. It indicates the animal’s breed; confirmed by pedigree.
B. It indicates the animal’s training level; confirmed by trainer.
C. ✔ Animals from high-quality breeding facilities come with a health status certificate,
confirming disease status.
D. It indicates legal ownership; confirmed by microchip only.
Rationale: Health status certificates from reputable breeders document disease screening and
sanitary origin.
What does a health status certificate typically promise?
A. The animal will be microchipped only.
B. The animal will be aged and sexed.
C. ✔ The animals will be specific pathogen free (SPF), virus antibody free (VAF), and free of
zoonoses.
D. The animal will be registered for competitions.
Rationale: Certificates assert pathogen-free status including absence of zoonotic agents.
What is zoonosis?
A. A genetic trait passed down generations.
B. An allergy to animal protein.
C. ✔ A disease that can cross species (animal ↔ human).
D. A nutritional deficiency in animals.
Rationale: Zoonoses are infections transmissible between animals and humans.
What are sentinel animals used for?
A. To guard other animals in a facility.
B. For breeding stock only.
C. ✔ Placed into an environment and monitored to detect whether disease is present in
that environment.
D. To provide therapy to ill animals.
Rationale: Sentinels act as biological indicators for subclinical infections in a colony.
Which animals are considered “protected” under relevant regulations?
A. Only domesticated pets.
B. ✔ All living vertebrates other than humans, and any living cephalopod (e.g., octopus).
, C. Only mammals and birds.
D. Only endangered species.
Rationale: Protection extends broadly to vertebrates and cephalopods under many animal
welfare laws.
When do mammals, birds and reptiles become “protected”?
A. At conception.
B. When born/hatched.
C. ✔ When they reach the last third of gestation/ incubation (e.g., day 14 for mice/rats).
D. Only after weaning.
Rationale: Protection often begins in late gestation/embryonic life, as specified by law.
When do fish and amphibians become protected?
A. At fertilization.
B. At metamorphosis.
C. ✔ When they are capable of independent feeding.
D. Only when adult.
Rationale: Independent feeding marks developmental competence warranting protection.
When do cephalopods (octopus, squid) become protected?
A. At adult stage only.
B. When they reach sexual maturity.
C. ✔ As soon as they hatch (larval/juvenile stages included).
D. Only after one week post-hatch.
Rationale: Cephalopods are covered from hatching due to their advanced neural complexity.
What are the severity limits used in project licensing?
A. Tiny, small, large, fatal.
B. ✔ Mild, moderate, severe, non-recovery.
C. Minimal, normal, critical.
D. Acute, chronic only.
Rationale: Severity categories standardize anticipated welfare impact for procedures.
What are the 3Rs in animal research?
A. Reduce, reuse, recycle.
B. Refresh, restore, repeat.
C. ✔ Replacement, Reduction, Refinement.
D. Restrain, recover, release.
Rationale: The 3Rs are ethical principles to replace animals, reduce numbers, and refine
methods.
ANSWERS GRADED A+ WITH RATIONALES
What is the significance of an animal’s health status? How is it confirmed?
A. It indicates the animal’s breed; confirmed by pedigree.
B. It indicates the animal’s training level; confirmed by trainer.
C. ✔ Animals from high-quality breeding facilities come with a health status certificate,
confirming disease status.
D. It indicates legal ownership; confirmed by microchip only.
Rationale: Health status certificates from reputable breeders document disease screening and
sanitary origin.
What does a health status certificate typically promise?
A. The animal will be microchipped only.
B. The animal will be aged and sexed.
C. ✔ The animals will be specific pathogen free (SPF), virus antibody free (VAF), and free of
zoonoses.
D. The animal will be registered for competitions.
Rationale: Certificates assert pathogen-free status including absence of zoonotic agents.
What is zoonosis?
A. A genetic trait passed down generations.
B. An allergy to animal protein.
C. ✔ A disease that can cross species (animal ↔ human).
D. A nutritional deficiency in animals.
Rationale: Zoonoses are infections transmissible between animals and humans.
What are sentinel animals used for?
A. To guard other animals in a facility.
B. For breeding stock only.
C. ✔ Placed into an environment and monitored to detect whether disease is present in
that environment.
D. To provide therapy to ill animals.
Rationale: Sentinels act as biological indicators for subclinical infections in a colony.
Which animals are considered “protected” under relevant regulations?
A. Only domesticated pets.
B. ✔ All living vertebrates other than humans, and any living cephalopod (e.g., octopus).
, C. Only mammals and birds.
D. Only endangered species.
Rationale: Protection extends broadly to vertebrates and cephalopods under many animal
welfare laws.
When do mammals, birds and reptiles become “protected”?
A. At conception.
B. When born/hatched.
C. ✔ When they reach the last third of gestation/ incubation (e.g., day 14 for mice/rats).
D. Only after weaning.
Rationale: Protection often begins in late gestation/embryonic life, as specified by law.
When do fish and amphibians become protected?
A. At fertilization.
B. At metamorphosis.
C. ✔ When they are capable of independent feeding.
D. Only when adult.
Rationale: Independent feeding marks developmental competence warranting protection.
When do cephalopods (octopus, squid) become protected?
A. At adult stage only.
B. When they reach sexual maturity.
C. ✔ As soon as they hatch (larval/juvenile stages included).
D. Only after one week post-hatch.
Rationale: Cephalopods are covered from hatching due to their advanced neural complexity.
What are the severity limits used in project licensing?
A. Tiny, small, large, fatal.
B. ✔ Mild, moderate, severe, non-recovery.
C. Minimal, normal, critical.
D. Acute, chronic only.
Rationale: Severity categories standardize anticipated welfare impact for procedures.
What are the 3Rs in animal research?
A. Reduce, reuse, recycle.
B. Refresh, restore, repeat.
C. ✔ Replacement, Reduction, Refinement.
D. Restrain, recover, release.
Rationale: The 3Rs are ethical principles to replace animals, reduce numbers, and refine
methods.
