CRAT Exam 2026 Questions and Answers
Chronotropic - Correct answer-heart rate
Inotropic - Correct answer-force of myocardial contractility
Dromotropic - Correct answer-conduction velocity through the AV node
Systole - Correct answer-contraction of chamber, blood is being ejected. Pressure
rises during systole.
Diastole - Correct answer-rest, relaxation of chamber, chamber is allowed to fill.
Pressure falls during diastole.
Stroke Volume - Correct answer-the amount of blood left ventricle pumps in each
beat. (mL/beat)
Cardiac output- definition - Correct answer-The amount of blood pumped into the
aorta each minute. (units= mL/min)
Cardiac output- equation - Correct answer-(HR) X (Stroke Volume) Avg. healthy
adult= 4-8 L/min
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, Venous return - Correct answer-amount of blood flowing into the right heart from
the systemic ciruclation
Blood Pressure- definition - Correct answer-force exerted by the blood against the
walls of the arteries as the ventricles contract and relax
Blood pressure- equation - Correct answer-(cardiac output) X (peripheral
resistance) or you could put it another way: (HR)(Stroke Volume)(Peripheral
Resistance)
An increase in Potassium or decrease in Calcium cause the heart to be ____. -
Correct answer-flaccid, limp, dilated, lower HR
Excess Calcium can cause the heart to be _____. - Correct answer-spastic
contractions.
Although about 70% of ventricular filling occurs passively, ______ ______
contributes an additional 10% to 30% of blood flow to ventricular filling. - Correct
answer-atrial kick
The area in the middle of the thoracic cavity in which the heart lies is the: - Correct
answer-Mediastinum
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Chronotropic - Correct answer-heart rate
Inotropic - Correct answer-force of myocardial contractility
Dromotropic - Correct answer-conduction velocity through the AV node
Systole - Correct answer-contraction of chamber, blood is being ejected. Pressure
rises during systole.
Diastole - Correct answer-rest, relaxation of chamber, chamber is allowed to fill.
Pressure falls during diastole.
Stroke Volume - Correct answer-the amount of blood left ventricle pumps in each
beat. (mL/beat)
Cardiac output- definition - Correct answer-The amount of blood pumped into the
aorta each minute. (units= mL/min)
Cardiac output- equation - Correct answer-(HR) X (Stroke Volume) Avg. healthy
adult= 4-8 L/min
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
, Venous return - Correct answer-amount of blood flowing into the right heart from
the systemic ciruclation
Blood Pressure- definition - Correct answer-force exerted by the blood against the
walls of the arteries as the ventricles contract and relax
Blood pressure- equation - Correct answer-(cardiac output) X (peripheral
resistance) or you could put it another way: (HR)(Stroke Volume)(Peripheral
Resistance)
An increase in Potassium or decrease in Calcium cause the heart to be ____. -
Correct answer-flaccid, limp, dilated, lower HR
Excess Calcium can cause the heart to be _____. - Correct answer-spastic
contractions.
Although about 70% of ventricular filling occurs passively, ______ ______
contributes an additional 10% to 30% of blood flow to ventricular filling. - Correct
answer-atrial kick
The area in the middle of the thoracic cavity in which the heart lies is the: - Correct
answer-Mediastinum
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
