Pharmacology
Straighterline final Exam
1. Which of the following routes of drug administration has the fastest onset of
action?
A. Oral
B. Intramuscular
C. Subcutaneous
D. Intravenous
Answer: D. Intravenous
Explanation: IV administration delivers the drug directly into circulation, producing
the fastest onset.
2. The study of how the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and excretes drugs is
called:
A. Pharmacodynamics
B. Pharmacokinetics
C. Toxicology
D. Pharmacogenomics
Answer: B. Pharmacokinetics
Explanation: Pharmacokinetics focuses on drug movement through the body.
,3. What is the primary organ of drug metabolism?
A. Kidney
B. Liver
C. Lung
D. Spleen
Answer: B. Liver
Explanation: The liver contains cytochrome P450 enzymes responsible for drug
metabolism.
4. A medication that mimics the action of the sympathetic nervous system is called a:
A. Cholinergic drug
B. Sympathomimetic drug
C. Parasympatholytic drug
D. Adrenergic blocker
Answer: B. Sympathomimetic drug
Explanation: Sympathomimetic agents mimic adrenergic (fight-or-flight) responses.
5. Which of the following is a common side effect of opioid analgesics?
A. Hypertension
B. Constipation
C. Diarrhea
D. Tachycardia
Answer: B. Constipation
Explanation: Opioids slow GI motility, leading to constipation.
6. What is the antidote for opioid overdose?
,A. Flumazenil
B. Naloxone
C. Atropine
D. Epinephrine
Answer: B. Naloxone
Explanation: Naloxone is an opioid antagonist that reverses opioid toxicity.
7. Beta-blockers primarily affect which body system?
A. Digestive
B. Respiratory
C. Cardiovascular
D. Nervous
Answer: C. Cardiovascular
Explanation: Beta-blockers decrease heart rate and contractility, reducing blood
pressure.
8. A patient taking warfarin should avoid excessive intake of which vitamin?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin D
Answer: C. Vitamin K
Explanation: Vitamin K antagonizes the effects of warfarin, reducing anticoagulation.
9. Which of the following drug classes is used to lower cholesterol?
, A. ACE inhibitors
B. Statins
C. Beta-blockers
D. Diuretics
Answer: B. Statins
Explanation: Statins inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, reducing cholesterol synthesis.
10. An agonist drug:
A. Blocks a receptor
B. Competes with an enzyme
C. Activates a receptor to produce a response
D. Destroys neurotransmitters
Answer: C. Activates a receptor to produce a response
11. The “first-pass effect” primarily affects drugs administered:
A. Intravenously
B. Sublingually
C. Orally
D. Transdermally
Answer: C. Orally
Explanation: Oral drugs pass through the liver before reaching systemic circulation,
reducing bioavailability.
12. Which of the following antibiotics is a macrolide?
A. Amoxicillin
B. Ciprofloxacin
Straighterline final Exam
1. Which of the following routes of drug administration has the fastest onset of
action?
A. Oral
B. Intramuscular
C. Subcutaneous
D. Intravenous
Answer: D. Intravenous
Explanation: IV administration delivers the drug directly into circulation, producing
the fastest onset.
2. The study of how the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and excretes drugs is
called:
A. Pharmacodynamics
B. Pharmacokinetics
C. Toxicology
D. Pharmacogenomics
Answer: B. Pharmacokinetics
Explanation: Pharmacokinetics focuses on drug movement through the body.
,3. What is the primary organ of drug metabolism?
A. Kidney
B. Liver
C. Lung
D. Spleen
Answer: B. Liver
Explanation: The liver contains cytochrome P450 enzymes responsible for drug
metabolism.
4. A medication that mimics the action of the sympathetic nervous system is called a:
A. Cholinergic drug
B. Sympathomimetic drug
C. Parasympatholytic drug
D. Adrenergic blocker
Answer: B. Sympathomimetic drug
Explanation: Sympathomimetic agents mimic adrenergic (fight-or-flight) responses.
5. Which of the following is a common side effect of opioid analgesics?
A. Hypertension
B. Constipation
C. Diarrhea
D. Tachycardia
Answer: B. Constipation
Explanation: Opioids slow GI motility, leading to constipation.
6. What is the antidote for opioid overdose?
,A. Flumazenil
B. Naloxone
C. Atropine
D. Epinephrine
Answer: B. Naloxone
Explanation: Naloxone is an opioid antagonist that reverses opioid toxicity.
7. Beta-blockers primarily affect which body system?
A. Digestive
B. Respiratory
C. Cardiovascular
D. Nervous
Answer: C. Cardiovascular
Explanation: Beta-blockers decrease heart rate and contractility, reducing blood
pressure.
8. A patient taking warfarin should avoid excessive intake of which vitamin?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin D
Answer: C. Vitamin K
Explanation: Vitamin K antagonizes the effects of warfarin, reducing anticoagulation.
9. Which of the following drug classes is used to lower cholesterol?
, A. ACE inhibitors
B. Statins
C. Beta-blockers
D. Diuretics
Answer: B. Statins
Explanation: Statins inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, reducing cholesterol synthesis.
10. An agonist drug:
A. Blocks a receptor
B. Competes with an enzyme
C. Activates a receptor to produce a response
D. Destroys neurotransmitters
Answer: C. Activates a receptor to produce a response
11. The “first-pass effect” primarily affects drugs administered:
A. Intravenously
B. Sublingually
C. Orally
D. Transdermally
Answer: C. Orally
Explanation: Oral drugs pass through the liver before reaching systemic circulation,
reducing bioavailability.
12. Which of the following antibiotics is a macrolide?
A. Amoxicillin
B. Ciprofloxacin
