Biology GCSE Biology GCSE
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1. What are the Nucleus
parts of an an- Cytoplasm
imal (and plant) Cell membrane
cell? Mitochondria
2. What are parts of Rigid cell wall
a plant cell? Large vacuole
Chloroplasts
(nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane and mitochondria)
3. What does the Contains DNA that controls what the cell does
nucleus do?
4. What does the cy- Its a gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happpen
toplasm do?
5. What does the Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out
cell membrane
do?
6. What does This is where most of the reactions for respiration take place. Respiration releases
the mitochondria energy that the cell needs to work.
do?
7. What does the It is made up of cellulose and it gives support for the cell
rigid cell wall do?
8. What does the Contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts
large vacuole do?
, Biology GCSE Biology GCSE
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_6hh318
9. What do chloro- This is where photosynthesis occurs. They contain a green substance called
plasts do? chlorophyll.
10. What are the fea- Chromosomal DNA
tures of a bacte- Plasmids
ria cell? Flagellum
Cell wall
11. What is chromo- Chromosomal DNA controls the cells activities and replication. It floats free in the
somal DNA? cytoplasm.
12. What are plas- Plasmids are small loops of extra DNA that aren't part of the chromosome. Plas-
mids? mids contain genes for things like drug resistance and can be passed between
bacteria.
13. What is the fla- The flagellum is a long, hair-like structure that rotates to make the bacterium
gellum? move.
14. What does the Support the cell
cell wall do?
15. What is magnifi- How much bigger the image is that the specimen
cation?
16. How do you length of image / length of specimen
work out magni-
fication?
17. What is the Light microscopes let us see things like the nuclei, chloroplasts and mitochondria.
difference be- Electron microscopes let us see much smaller things in more detail like the internal
tween light mi- structure of mitochondria and chloroplasts and even tinier things like plasmids.
croscopes and
electron micro-
scopes?
, Biology GCSE Biology GCSE
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_6hh318
18. What is DNA? DNA is the complex chemical that carries genetic information. DNA is found in
chromosomes which are found in the nucleus of most cells.
19. What is the struc- -A DNA molecule has two strands coiled together in the shape of a double helix.
ture of DNA? -The two strands are hold together by chemicals called bases. The four bases are
(6marker) adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine.
-The bases are paired, and they always pair up in the same way; A-T and C-G. This
is called base pairing.
-The base pairs are joined together by weak hydrogen bonds.
20. What is a gene? A gene is a short piece of DNA that codes for a specific protein. You have genes
for hair structure, eye colour enzymes and every other protein in your body.
21. Who discovered -Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins worked out DNA had a helical structure
the structure of by directing beams of X-rays onto crystallised DNA and looking at the patterns of
DNA? x-rays formed as they bounced off.
-James Watson and Francis Crick used these ideas along with the idea the amount
of adenine+guanine matched the amount of thymine+cytosine to make a model
of the DNA molecule where all the pieces fitted together.
22. What would be -Mash or chop fruit or vegetable (e.g kiwi) and mix with salty water and detergent
a practical to to break open the cells and help release the DNA from the nuclei.
extract DNA?(6 -Add protease enzyme to the filtered mixture to break up proteins in cell mem-
marker) branes and so release more DNA.
-Add ice cold ethanol carefully down inside the tube into the mixture. The ethanol
makes the DNA separate from the liquid so it is easy to lift out.
23. How does a cell By stringing amino acids together in a particular order. There's only 20 different
make proteins? amino acids that are used to make up thousands of different proteins. The order
of bases in a gene tells cells in what order to put the amino acids together. Each
set of three bases (triplet) codes for a particular amino acid.
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_6hh318
1. What are the Nucleus
parts of an an- Cytoplasm
imal (and plant) Cell membrane
cell? Mitochondria
2. What are parts of Rigid cell wall
a plant cell? Large vacuole
Chloroplasts
(nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane and mitochondria)
3. What does the Contains DNA that controls what the cell does
nucleus do?
4. What does the cy- Its a gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happpen
toplasm do?
5. What does the Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out
cell membrane
do?
6. What does This is where most of the reactions for respiration take place. Respiration releases
the mitochondria energy that the cell needs to work.
do?
7. What does the It is made up of cellulose and it gives support for the cell
rigid cell wall do?
8. What does the Contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts
large vacuole do?
, Biology GCSE Biology GCSE
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_6hh318
9. What do chloro- This is where photosynthesis occurs. They contain a green substance called
plasts do? chlorophyll.
10. What are the fea- Chromosomal DNA
tures of a bacte- Plasmids
ria cell? Flagellum
Cell wall
11. What is chromo- Chromosomal DNA controls the cells activities and replication. It floats free in the
somal DNA? cytoplasm.
12. What are plas- Plasmids are small loops of extra DNA that aren't part of the chromosome. Plas-
mids? mids contain genes for things like drug resistance and can be passed between
bacteria.
13. What is the fla- The flagellum is a long, hair-like structure that rotates to make the bacterium
gellum? move.
14. What does the Support the cell
cell wall do?
15. What is magnifi- How much bigger the image is that the specimen
cation?
16. How do you length of image / length of specimen
work out magni-
fication?
17. What is the Light microscopes let us see things like the nuclei, chloroplasts and mitochondria.
difference be- Electron microscopes let us see much smaller things in more detail like the internal
tween light mi- structure of mitochondria and chloroplasts and even tinier things like plasmids.
croscopes and
electron micro-
scopes?
, Biology GCSE Biology GCSE
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_6hh318
18. What is DNA? DNA is the complex chemical that carries genetic information. DNA is found in
chromosomes which are found in the nucleus of most cells.
19. What is the struc- -A DNA molecule has two strands coiled together in the shape of a double helix.
ture of DNA? -The two strands are hold together by chemicals called bases. The four bases are
(6marker) adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine.
-The bases are paired, and they always pair up in the same way; A-T and C-G. This
is called base pairing.
-The base pairs are joined together by weak hydrogen bonds.
20. What is a gene? A gene is a short piece of DNA that codes for a specific protein. You have genes
for hair structure, eye colour enzymes and every other protein in your body.
21. Who discovered -Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins worked out DNA had a helical structure
the structure of by directing beams of X-rays onto crystallised DNA and looking at the patterns of
DNA? x-rays formed as they bounced off.
-James Watson and Francis Crick used these ideas along with the idea the amount
of adenine+guanine matched the amount of thymine+cytosine to make a model
of the DNA molecule where all the pieces fitted together.
22. What would be -Mash or chop fruit or vegetable (e.g kiwi) and mix with salty water and detergent
a practical to to break open the cells and help release the DNA from the nuclei.
extract DNA?(6 -Add protease enzyme to the filtered mixture to break up proteins in cell mem-
marker) branes and so release more DNA.
-Add ice cold ethanol carefully down inside the tube into the mixture. The ethanol
makes the DNA separate from the liquid so it is easy to lift out.
23. How does a cell By stringing amino acids together in a particular order. There's only 20 different
make proteins? amino acids that are used to make up thousands of different proteins. The order
of bases in a gene tells cells in what order to put the amino acids together. Each
set of three bases (triplet) codes for a particular amino acid.
