NR 507: ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Asthma-
Correctanswer~Chronicdiseaseduetobronchoconstrictionandanexcessiveinflammatoryrespo
nseinthebronchioles
Whatare5s/sofasthma-Correctanswer~coughing
wheezing
shortnessofbreath
rapidbreathing
chesttightness
Pathophysiologyofasthma(5)-Correctanswer~-airwayinflammation,bronchialhyper-
reactivityandsmoothmusclespasm
-excessmucusproductionandaccumulation
-hypertrophyofbronchialsmoothmuscle
-airflowobstruction
-decreasedalveolarventilation
Bronchioles-
Correctanswer~smallerpassagewaysthatoriginatefromthebronchithatbecomethealveoli
3layersofthebronchioles-Correctanswer~innermostlayer
middlelayer-laminapropria
,outermostlayer
laminapropria-Correctanswer~themiddlelayerofthebronchioles
structureofthelaminapropria-
Correctanswer~embeddedwithconnectivetissuecellsandimmunecells
purposeofthelaminapropria-
Correctanswer~whitebloodcellsarepresenttohelpprotecttheairways
Howdoesthelaminapropriaeffectthelungsinregardstoasthma-
Correctanswer~theWBCsprotectivefeaturegoesintooverdrivecausinganinflammatoryrespons
ethatdamageshosttissue
Whatdoestheinnermostlayerofthebronchiolescontain-
Correctanswer~columnarepithelialellsandmucusproducinggobletcells
Whatdoestheoutermostlayerofthebronchiolescontain-Correctanswer~smoothmusclecells
whatdoestheoutermostlayerofthebronchiolesdo-
Correctanswer~controltheairwaysabilitytoconstrictanddilate
alveolarhyperinflation-
Correctanswer~Whenairisunabletomoveoutofthealveolarlikeitshouldduetobronchialwallscoll
apsingaroundpossiblemucusplugthustrappingairinside
howdoeshyperinflationoccur?-
Correctanswer~theongoinginflammatoryprocessofasthmaproducesmucusandpusplugthatthe
bronchialwallscollapsearound
, Effectofhyperinflationofthealveolar-Correctanswer~-
expandedthoraxandhypercapnia(retentionofCO2)
-respiratoryacidosis
Whataretwoanticholinergicdrugsusedforasthma-Correctanswer~tiotropiumandipratropium
Whatdoanticholinergicsdointhelungs?-
Correctanswer~Thesedrugsblocktheeffectsoftheparasympatheticnervoussystem
-increasingbronchodilation
MOAofanticholinergicdrugsforasthma-
Correctanswer~theparasympatheticsystemisstimulatedbythevagalnervetoreleaseacetylcholi
newhichbindstothecholinergicreceptorsoftherespiratorytracttocausebronchialconstriction=d
ecreasedairflow
-
blockingthecholinergicreceptorspreventsacetylcholinebindingpreventingthebronchialconstri
ction
bronchitis-Correctanswer~inflammationofthebronchialtubes
3characteristicsofbronchitis-Correctanswer~bronchialinflammation
hypersecretionofmucus
chronicproductivecoughforatleast3consecutivemonthsforatleast2successiveyears
Perfusion-
Correctanswer~Thesupplyofoxygentoandremovalofwastesfromthecellsandtissuesofthebodya
saresultoftheflowofbloodthroughthecapillaries.
resultsofchronicbronchitis/lowperfusion-Correctanswer~cyanosis
righttoleftshunting
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Asthma-
Correctanswer~Chronicdiseaseduetobronchoconstrictionandanexcessiveinflammatoryrespo
nseinthebronchioles
Whatare5s/sofasthma-Correctanswer~coughing
wheezing
shortnessofbreath
rapidbreathing
chesttightness
Pathophysiologyofasthma(5)-Correctanswer~-airwayinflammation,bronchialhyper-
reactivityandsmoothmusclespasm
-excessmucusproductionandaccumulation
-hypertrophyofbronchialsmoothmuscle
-airflowobstruction
-decreasedalveolarventilation
Bronchioles-
Correctanswer~smallerpassagewaysthatoriginatefromthebronchithatbecomethealveoli
3layersofthebronchioles-Correctanswer~innermostlayer
middlelayer-laminapropria
,outermostlayer
laminapropria-Correctanswer~themiddlelayerofthebronchioles
structureofthelaminapropria-
Correctanswer~embeddedwithconnectivetissuecellsandimmunecells
purposeofthelaminapropria-
Correctanswer~whitebloodcellsarepresenttohelpprotecttheairways
Howdoesthelaminapropriaeffectthelungsinregardstoasthma-
Correctanswer~theWBCsprotectivefeaturegoesintooverdrivecausinganinflammatoryrespons
ethatdamageshosttissue
Whatdoestheinnermostlayerofthebronchiolescontain-
Correctanswer~columnarepithelialellsandmucusproducinggobletcells
Whatdoestheoutermostlayerofthebronchiolescontain-Correctanswer~smoothmusclecells
whatdoestheoutermostlayerofthebronchiolesdo-
Correctanswer~controltheairwaysabilitytoconstrictanddilate
alveolarhyperinflation-
Correctanswer~Whenairisunabletomoveoutofthealveolarlikeitshouldduetobronchialwallscoll
apsingaroundpossiblemucusplugthustrappingairinside
howdoeshyperinflationoccur?-
Correctanswer~theongoinginflammatoryprocessofasthmaproducesmucusandpusplugthatthe
bronchialwallscollapsearound
, Effectofhyperinflationofthealveolar-Correctanswer~-
expandedthoraxandhypercapnia(retentionofCO2)
-respiratoryacidosis
Whataretwoanticholinergicdrugsusedforasthma-Correctanswer~tiotropiumandipratropium
Whatdoanticholinergicsdointhelungs?-
Correctanswer~Thesedrugsblocktheeffectsoftheparasympatheticnervoussystem
-increasingbronchodilation
MOAofanticholinergicdrugsforasthma-
Correctanswer~theparasympatheticsystemisstimulatedbythevagalnervetoreleaseacetylcholi
newhichbindstothecholinergicreceptorsoftherespiratorytracttocausebronchialconstriction=d
ecreasedairflow
-
blockingthecholinergicreceptorspreventsacetylcholinebindingpreventingthebronchialconstri
ction
bronchitis-Correctanswer~inflammationofthebronchialtubes
3characteristicsofbronchitis-Correctanswer~bronchialinflammation
hypersecretionofmucus
chronicproductivecoughforatleast3consecutivemonthsforatleast2successiveyears
Perfusion-
Correctanswer~Thesupplyofoxygentoandremovalofwastesfromthecellsandtissuesofthebodya
saresultoftheflowofbloodthroughthecapillaries.
resultsofchronicbronchitis/lowperfusion-Correctanswer~cyanosis
righttoleftshunting
